According to the PECB Candidate Handbook for ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor, audit methods can be classified into two categories: with or without interaction with individuals representing the auditee (page 12). Audit methods with interaction include reviewing checklists with auditee and conducting interviews, as they involve direct communication and feedback from the auditee. Audit methods without interaction include sampling (e.g. products), observing work performed via live video streaming, checking legal compliance with local authorities, and analysing documents provided in advance of the audit, as they do not require any dialogue or exchange with the auditee. Reference: PECB Candidate Handbook for ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor, page 12.

Confidentiality is one of the security principles that states that only authorized parties should have access to information assets. Confidentiality protects the secrecy and privacy of information from unauthorized disclosure or exposure. A hacker gaining access to a web server and reading the credit card numbers stored on that server violates the confidentiality principle, as he or she is not an authorized party and has access to sensitive information that belongs to others. Therefore, the correct answer is B. Reference: ISO/IEC 27000:2022, clause 3.8; Defining Security Principles - Pearson IT Certification.

A management system audit is a systematic, independent and documented process for obtaining objective evidence and evaluating it objectively to determine the extent to which the audit criteria are fulfilled. The audit criteria are a set of requirements that may include policies, procedures, standards, regulations, etc. The purpose of a management system audit is to evaluate the performance of an organisation's management system in terms of its effectiveness, efficiency, compliance, and improvement. A management system audit can also identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and risks of the management system and provide recommendations for improvement.

Explanation:
Audit evidence should be evaluated against the audit criteria in order to determine audit findings.
* Audit evidence is the information obtained by the auditors during the audit process that is used as a basis for forming an audit opinion or conclusion12. Audit evidence could include records, documents, statements, observations, interviews, or test results12.
* Audit criteria are the set of policies, procedures, standards, regulations, or requirements that are used as a reference against which audit evidence is compared12. Audit criteria could be derived from internal or external sources, such as ISO standards, industry best practices, or legal obligations12.
* Audit findings are the results of a process that evaluates audit evidence and compares it against audit criteria13. Audit findings can show that audit criteria are being met (conformity) or that they are not being met (nonconformity). They can also identify best practices or improvement opportunities13.
References :=
* ISO 19011:2022 Guidelines for auditing management systems
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements
* Components of Audit Findings - The Institute of Internal Auditors