A shift in demand occurs when an influencing factor other than price changes. Those factors are:
- The income of buyers
- The tastes and preferences of buyers
- The prices of other goods and services, especially substitutes and complements
- Expectations of buyer about the future
In this question:
- 'Prices of complementary goods decrease' will lead to quantity demanded for that complements rising, then demand for consumer good will increase accordingly.
- 'Price of the consumer good decreases' will increase the quantity demanded for that good, but it will not shift the demand curve
- 'Customers' expectation of higher prices in the future': in this scenario, customers tend to buy more to store in present, which leads to demand curve shifting to the right
- 'Consumer tastes shift toward substitute products': Demand for substitutes will rise, so demand for that consumer good will decrease and the demand curve shifts to the left.
LO 2, AC 2.2

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There are two major persuasion methods: 'push' and 'pull'.
Persuasion can be defined as encouraging someone to do something that you want them to do for you.
Persuasion is reasoning with someone so that they will believe or do something they might not otherwise do.
Persuasion can be considered as 'pushing' on TOP so that they can accept the change in attitude or behaviour as a result of your actions.
Influence is the ability to affect the manner of thinking of another. Influence can be considered as pulling on TOP so that you achieve the same result, but TOP feels they have changed their attitude or behaviour as a result of their reflection and thinking, and not your direct actions.
There are multiple variables to consider when choosing between 'push' and 'pull'. Professor Fiona Dent of Ashridge Business School proposes situations when each style might be most appropriate, breaking down push into 'directive' and 'reasoning' and 'pull' into 'collaborative' and 'visionary':
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Using logical and objective reasons is one of the typical characteristics of persuasion reasoning method.

Mark-up is the amount added to the cost of an item to get to its selling price and is expressed as a percentage.
Mark-up (%) = (Price - Cost) / Cost x 100
= (100 - 9 - 51 - 24) / (9 +51 +24) x 100 = 16 / 84 x 100 = 19.04%
LO 2, AC 2.1

Finding a middle ground, also known ascompromise or convergence, is a hallmark of collaborative or integrative negotiation. It allows both parties to secure partial wins, supports longer-term relationships, and promotes ongoing goodwill for future dealings.
"Negotiators must balance assertiveness with cooperation. Meeting halfway can lead to agreements that meet minimum needs of both parties while preserving the relationship." (L4M5 Commercial Negotiation, 2nd edition, Section 1.1 - Collaborative Approaches to Negotiation)

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Different questioning styles can be used to elicit desired responses:
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