Zone of Potential Agreement (1) and Walk-away point (3) are key elements in negotiation planning.
Establishing a Zone of Potential Agreement helps identify where interests align, while the Walk-away point sets the limit of acceptable terms. Both are essential to preparing a negotiation framework that benefits both parties, as per CIPS best practices.

In order to estimate the gap and the progress towards desired level of support, a stakeholder support scale can be used by the procurement internally. The support level scale measures stakeholder commitment. Current support level for the procurement/negotiation objectives should be gained from engagement with key stakeholders. The following is an example of stakeholder support level scale:
LO 1, AC 1.1

Hearing is passive but listening is active, and some people need to learn to be a good, attentive listener. The following rules of attentive listening will help you to become a successful negotiator:
* Be motivated to listen
* Be alert to non-verbal cues
* Do not interrupt the other party when they are speaking
* Fight off distractions
* Write everything down
* Listen with a goal in mind
* Give the other party your undivided attention
* React to the message, not the person
LO 3, AC 3.3

Explanation
When preparing for a negotiation, negotiator should establish a list of tradeables and a concession plan. Good negotiators never give anything away that has not already been planned as part of the bargaining mix in the concession planning stage.
In the above scenario, the procurement manager has planned his own concession, so he can trade with supplier. The answer should be "Yes, since procurement manager has his own cost savings target to achieve and he should make use of supplier's financial status" Table Description automatically generated

LO 2, AC 2.3

A supply curve will slope upward from left to right showing more supply at higher prices, as illustrated in the graph below:
A picture containing chart Description automatically generated

A movement along the supply curve will be brought about by a change in price, but a shift of the whole curve will be caused by a determinant other than price:
- The physical feasibility and time and energy required to produce the products
- Technology and innovation
- The objectives of the producers and their future expectations
- Prices of other goods and services
- Government's policies
LO 2, AC 2.2