The system of slip sheet load handling involves the use of a thin sheet of material, the slip sheet, as a base on which items are assembled as a unit load for handling, storage, and transport. The slip sheet is used in conjunction with a pallet, if desired, at certain stages in the distribution cycle. If all lift trucks in the cycle are equipped with the proper attachment, an appropriate slip sheet is the only material handling base required.
Slip sheet requires special push pull accessories and usually use thin and wide forks.
A picture containing text Description automatically generated


Diagram Description automatically generated
Skids are generally described as single-deck pallets and do not have bottom flatted layer which makes them less bulky and cheaper than conventional pallets but also less universal in their use.
A picture containing building material Description automatically generated

Shrink wrap, also referred to as shrink film or shrink wrap, is a versatile polymer material used for the packaging of finished goods. Heat is applied to the film - by either a conveyor heat tunnel or an electric or gas heat gun - which catalyzes the film to shrink tightly around the item placed within. This process results in a clear, durable barrier of protection around the product.
Post pallets have a simple metal structure with four uprights and substantial feat to take the load. These may be free standing, but many are designed for the feet to interlock with the posts of another post pallet so that the stack can be created.
A picture containing handcart, transport Description automatically generated

Direct and indirect costs of holding inventory include the following:
1. Acquisition costs
2. Holding costs (carrying costs) are the costs associated with the storage and handling of physical stock.
There are two different types of holding costs:
a. Costs related to the value of the goods: financial costs (i.e. the interest on the working capital tied up in inventory, which may be the bank borrowing rate or the company's target for return on capital); cost of insurance; losses due to product deterioration; losses due to obsolescence and redundancy of inventory; losses due to theft, accidental damage etc.
b. Costs related to the physical characteristics of the inventory include the following: storage space; power, heat and lighting of the store; movement equipment; labour costs; administration costs.
3. Costs of stockouts

For JIT manufacturing to succeed, companies must have steady production, high-quality workmanship, glitch- free plant machinery, and reliable suppliers.
JIT production systems cut inventory costs because manufacturers do not have to pay storage costs.
Manufacturers are also not left with unwanted inventory if an order is canceled or not fulfilled.