This is Mediation. The private caucus is when each of the parties meets in private with the media-tor, this is usually after a joint session between the three parties. See p.71 for more information on mediation

A limitation of liability caps a company's exposure to risk. In SOME cases this may mean that the responsibility passes to the other party- but not always. For this reason option 2 is correct and 4 isn't. Option 1 is the definition of liquidated damages and 3 is just a made-up answer. See p.20 for more information on Liability

The correct answers are as follows:

Litigation is the only resolution method which goes 'through the courts'. Therefore this is the correct answer

"No - David's counter offer rescinded Barbera's offer" is the correct answer. Remember: "once a counter offer is made, the original offer is viewed as rejected" - p.6 of the study guide. What this means is when David goes back to Barbera about the £80,000 - he is now the offeror - and Barbera has the option to reject this. David is no longer in a position to accept or reject - Barbera is.

Crystalised means ' a dispute has occurred which qualifies for resolution by adjudication'. This is a direct quote from p. 144