Section: Questions Set D
Explanation:
(A) Although a left hemothorax could cause diminished and distant breath sounds, it is irrelevant to this situation. (B) A right hemothorax will not cause diminished and distant breath sounds on the left side of the chest. (C) The right mainstem bronchus is most frequently intubated in error because the angle of the right mainstem bronchus is very small as compared with that of the left mainstem bronchus. Because ventilation is only occurring on the right side, the nurse would auscultate diminished and distant breath sounds on the left.
(D) An inadequate mechanical ventilator has no relationship to this situation.

Explanation
(A) Bulging fontanelles are a symptom of increased intracranial pressure in infants. (B) Seizure is a late sign of increased intracranial pressure. (C) Headache is a very early symptom of increased intracranial pressure in the child. (D) Ataxia is a late sign of increased intracranial pressure.

(A) Maternal blood volume increases at the end of the first trimester leading to a dilutional anemia. (B) Maternal blood volume increases. (C) Fetal blood volume is minimal in the first trimester. (D) Increased iron absorption would facilitate the manufacturing of erythrocytes and decrease anemia.

Explanation
(A) No S3 or S4 are noted with pericarditis. (B) No change in pulse pressure occurs. (C) The symptoms of pericarditis vary with the cause, but they usually include chest pain, dyspnea, tachycardia, rise in temperature, and friction rub caused by fibrin or other deposits. The pain seen with pericarditis typically worsens with deep inspiration. (D) Tamponade is not typically seen early on, and no change in pulse pressure occurs.

(A) Aspirin does not affect folic acid absorption. (B) Folic acid deficiency is strongly associated with alcohol abuse. (C) Because folic acid is a coenzyme for single carbon transfer purines, calves liver or other purines are the meat sources. (D) Folic acid does not affect stool character.