(A)
Relief of pain is the primary goal of nursing intervention because this client is experiencing acute pain. (B) Fluid volume deficit is being treated with IV fluid replacement.
(C)
Knowledge deficit will not be addressed at this time because a client in acute pain is not ready to learn. (D) Alteration in nutrition is the third priority after relief of pain and fluid volume deficit.

Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
(A) The area is bruised and painful. This action would do nothing to help with the healing process of the perineum or to provide comfort. (B) Ice is effective immediately after birth to reduce edema and discomfort, but not on the 2nd postpartum day. (C) Sitz baths are useful if the perineum has been traumatized, because the moist heat increases circulation to the area to promote healing, relaxes tissue, and decreases edema. (D) The physician is not notified of bruising, but if a hematoma is present, then the physician is notified.

Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
(A) The lungs are responsible for regulation of CO2, and this parameter primarily reflects respiratory function. (B) CO2 content of the blood is an indirect measure of respiratory function. (C) HCO3 is a measure of kidney function only and is important in acid-base balance. (D) Base excess represents the excess of HCO3 and is not reflective of respiratory function.

Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
(A) Prednisone is not linked with hematological side effects. (B) Timolol, a β-adrenergic blocker is metabolized by the liver. It has not been linked to blood dyscrasia. (C) Gentamicin is ototoxic and nephrotoxic. (D) Phenytoin usage has been linked to blood dyscrasias such as aplastic anemia. The drug most commonly linked to aplastic anemia is chloramphenicol (Chlormycetin).

(A)
Because the left atrial pressure is greater than right atrial pressure, oxygenated blood flows from the left to the right atria. (B) Because of the risk of pulmonary obstructive diseases and congestive heart failure later in life, surgery is usually performed between age 4 and 6 years, with essentially no operative mortality or postoperative complications.
(C)
Many ventricular septal defects close spontaneously (20-60%) as a result of growth and proliferation of the muscular septum or formation of a membrane across the opening.
(D)
This management is usually recommended with children with mild pulmonary stenosis.