Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
(A) Anemia and vomiting are not cardinal signs of diabetes insipidus. (B) Polyuria and polydipsia are the cardinal signs of diabetes insipidus. (C) Irritability relieved by feeding water, not formula, is a common sign, but not the cardinal sign, of diabetes insipidus. (D) Hypothermia and azotemia are signs, but not cardinal signs, of diabetes insipidus.

Section: Questions Set G
Explanation:
(A) Suggesting that a client increase a medication dosage is an inappropriate (and illegal) nursing action. This action requires a physician's order. (B) To suggest that a client decrease a medication dosage is an inappropriate (and illegal) nursing action. This action requires a physician's order. (C) This response is an appropriate independent nursing action. Because motorrestlessness can also be a side effect of cogentin, the nurse may suggest that the client try taking the drug early in the day rather than at bedtime. (D) Certain medications can cause gastric irritation and may be taken with food or milk to prevent this side effect.

Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
(A) Amniotic fluid is generally pale and straw colored. Meconium- stained amniotic fluid would indicate a previous hypoxic episode. This intervention, though appropriate, is not the immediate priority. (B) With rupture of the membranes, the umbilical cord may prolapse if the presenting part does not fill the pelvis.
Assessing FHR ascertains fetal well-being. (C) More information regarding fetal status and assessing for membrane rupture is needed prior to contacting the physician. (D) Nitrazine test paper differentiates amniotic fluid from urine. Amniotic fluid is normally alkaline in contrast to urine, which is acidic. This intervention, though appropriate, is not the immediate priority.

Explanation
(A) Unusually aggressive behavior does not indicate a deepseated problem. (B) A lack of social interest results in poor participation in play activities with peers. Aggression would not be an expected behavior. (C) The aggressive behavior was newly developed and not a routine behavior. (D) Play provides the child with opportunities for coping and adaptation. Aggression during the play activities would indicate a coping response.

Explanation
(A) The foramen ovale permits a percentage of the blood to shunt from the right atrium to the left atrium. The blood then goes to the left ventricle, permitting systemic fetal circulation with blood containing a higher O2 saturation. (B) As the blood shunts from the right atrium to the left atrium, the pulmonary system is bypassed.
The fetus receives O2 from the maternal circulation, thereby permitting the partial bypass of the pulmonary system. (C) The foramen ovale is locatedin the atrial septum of the heart and does not affect the liver. (D) The superior vena cava returns blood to the heart, bringing blood to the location of the foramen ovale.