(A) Exudate (moist, active drainage) is a clinical sign of wound infection. (B) Crust (dry,
scaly) is part of the normal stages of wound healing and should not be removed from around the pin site. It usually sloughs off after the underlying tissue has healed. (C) Edema (swelling) is a clinical sign of wound infection. (D) Erythema (redness) is a clinical sign of wound infection.

Explanation
(A) At least eight glasses of fluid per day are encouraged to help dilute stomach contents, thereby decreasing irritation. (B) Alka Seltzer contains aspirin, which is irritating to gastric mucosa, and therefore should be avoided. (C) Small, frequent bland meals help to decrease gastric pressure and to prevent reflux. (D) Lying down after meals may cause gastric reflux and prevents optimal gastric emptying.

Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
(A) Transient depression manifests as sadness or the "blues" as seen with everyday disappointments and is not necessarily dysfunctional. (B) Mild depression manifests as symptoms seen with grief response, such as denial, sadness, withdrawal, somatic symptoms, and frequent or continuous thoughts of the loss.
(C) Moderate depression manifests as feelings of sadness, negativism; low self-esteem; rumination about life's failures; decreased interest in grooming and eating; and possibly sleep disturbances. These symptoms are consistent with dysthymia. (D) Severe depression manifests as feelings of total despair, hopelessness, emptiness, inability to feel pleasure; possibly extreme psychomotor retardation; inattention to hygiene; delusional thinking; confusion; self-blame; and suicidal thoughts. These symptoms are consistent with major depression.

Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
(A) Striae gravidarum are the normal stretch marks that frequently occur on the breasts, abdomen, and thighs as pregnancy progresses. (B) Chloasma is the "mask of pregnancy" that normally occurs in many pregnant women. (C) Dysuria is an abnormal danger sign during pregnancy and may indicate a urinary tract infection. (D) Colostrum is a yellow breast secretion that is normally present during the last trimester of pregnancy.

(A) Calf pain with dorsiflexion of the foot (Homans' sign) can be a sign of a deep venous thrombosis; however, it is not diagnostic of the condition. (B) Swelling and warmth along the affected vein are commonly observed clinical manifestations of a deep venous thrombosis as a result of inflammation of the vessel wall. (C) Rubbing or massaging of the affected leg is contraindicated because of the risk of the clot breaking loose and becoming an embolus. (D) A pillow behind the knee can be constricting and further impair blood flow.