Explanation
(A) Amniocentesis can be performed to assess for lung maturity. Fetal ultrasound can be used for gestational dating, although it does not separately determine lung maturity. (B) Ultrasound can evaluate amniotic fluid volume, which may be used to determine congenital anomalies. (C) Amniocentesis involves removal of amniotic fluid for evaluation. The needle, inserted through the abdomen, is guided by ultrasound to avoid needle injuries, and the test evaluates the position of the placenta and the fetus. (D) Amniocentesis can be performed as early as the 15th-17th week of pregnancy.

Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
(A) This action does nothing to prepare the child and her family for what will happen or to relieve their anxiety and fear. (B) This action provides security by preparing the child and the family for what will happen and will help to relieve fear and anxiety. (C) This action does nothing to help prepare the child for what will happen and does not give the parents permission to ask questions until later. (D) This action provides possibly false reassurance and may prevent the child and/or the family from asking pressing questions.

Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
(A) Chorioamnionitis is an inflammation of the chorion and amnion that is generally associated with premature or prolonged rupture of membranes. (B) Postterm deliveries have not been shown to increase the risk of chorioamnionitis unless there has been prolonged rupture of membranes. (C) Pyelonephritis is a kidney infection that develops in 20%-40% of untreated maternal UTIs. (D) Maternal dehydration, though of great concern, is not related to chorioamnionitis.

(A) Ceasing to use humor and sarcasm is a more appropriate goal, because this client uses these behaviors covertly to express aggression instead of being open with anger. (B) Use of "I" messages demonstrates proper use of assertive behavior to express anger instead of passive-aggressive behavior. (C) Client is expected to complete share of work in therapeutic community because he has often obstructed other's efforts by failing to do his share. (D) Client has used conveniently forgetting or withholding information as a passive-aggressive behavior, which is not acceptable.

(A) Dangling the client's legs over the edge of the bed will contribute to stasis and pooling of blood and increases the risk of thrombus formation. (B) Massaging the client's calves could result in dislodging an embolus. (C) Decreased movement will contribute to pooling of blood and increased risk of venous thrombosis. (D) Tightening and relaxing leg muscles increases circulation and decreases the risk of venous thrombosis.