(A)
LOA identifies a fetus whose back is on its mother's left side, whose head is the presenting part, and whose back is toward its mother's anterior. It is easiest to auscultate fetal heart tones (FHTs) through the fetus's back. (B) The identified fetus's back is on its mother's left side, not right side. It is easiest to auscultate FHTs through the fetus's back.
(C)
In an LOA position, the fetus's head is presenting with the back to the left anterior side
of the mother. The umbilicus is too high of a landmark for auscultating the fetus's heart rate through its back. (D) This is the correct auscultation point for a fetus in the left sacroanterior position, where the sacrum is presenting, not LOA.

Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
(A) Diazepam is an antianxiety medication and is not designed to reduce psychotic symptoms. (B) Haloperidol is an antipsychotic medication and may be used until the lithium takes effect. (C) Sertraline is an antidepressant and is used primarily to reduce symptoms of depression. (D) Alprazolam is an antianxiety medication and is not designed to reduce psychotic symptoms.

Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
(A) These clients are at high risk for seizures during the 1st week after cessation of alcohol intake. (B) Fluid intake should be increased to prevent dehydration. (C) Environmental stimuli should be decreased to prevent precipitation of seizures. (D) Application of restraints may cause the client to increase his or her physical activity and may eventually lead to exhaustion.

Explanation
(A) A deficit in sodium concentration results in muscular weakness and lethargy. (B) Muscle fatigue and hypotonia are caused by hypercalcemia. (C) Muscle weakness and fatigue are classic signs of hypokalemia.
(D) Hypermagnesemia can cause muscle weakness, paralysis, and coma.

Explanation
(A) Early decelerations are reassuring and do not warrant notification of the physician. (B) Because early decelerations is a reassuring pattern, it would not be necessary to change the client's position. (C) Early decelerations warrant the continuation of close FHR monitoring to distinguish them from more ominous signs.
(D) O2 is not warranted in this situation, but it is warranted in situations involving variable and/or late decelerations.