Attack communication traffic is usually hidden with various techniques and tools, including:
* Encryption with SSL, SSH (Secure Shell), or some other custom or proprietary encryption
* Circumvention via proxies, remote access tools, or tunneling. In some instances, use of cellular networks enables complete circumvention of the target network for attack C2 traffic.
* Port evasion using network anonymizers or port hopping to traverse over any available open ports
* Fast Flux (or Dynamic DNS) to proxy through multiple infected endpoints or multiple, ever-changing C2 servers to reroute traffic and make determination of the true destination or attack source difficult
* DNS tunneling is used for C2 communications and data infiltration

Explanation
SaaS - User responsible for only the data, vendor responsible for rest

page 173 "AutoFocus makes over a billion samples and sessions, including billions of artifacts, immediately actionable for security analysis and response efforts. AutoFocus extends the product portfolio with the global threat intelligence and attack context needed to accelerate analysis, forensics, and hunting workflows. Together, the platform and AutoFocus move security teams away from legacy manual approaches that rely on aggregating a growing number of detectionbased alerts and post-event mitigation, to preventing sophisticated attacks and enabling proactive hunting activities."

The IP stack adds source (sender) and destination (receiver) IP addresses to the TCP segment (which now is called an IP packet) and notifies the server operating system that it has an outgoing message ready to be sent across the network.

DevOps is not:
* A combination of the Dev and Ops teams: There still are two teams; they just operate in a communicative, collaborative way.
* Its own separate team: There is no such thing as a "DevOps engineer." Although some companies may appoint a "DevOps team" as a pilot when trying to transition to a DevOps culture, DevOps refers to a culture where developers, testers, and operations personnel cooperate throughout the entire software delivery lifecycle.
* A tool or set of tools: Although there are tools that work well with a DevOps model or help promote DevOps culture, DevOps ultimately is a strategy, not a tool.
* Automation: Although automation is very important for a DevOps culture, it alone does not define DevOps.