When collecting a specimen from a patient in a long-term-care facility, the first thing that the phlebotomist should do is to check in at the nursing station. The phlebotomist needs to ask for information about any special concerns regarding the patient, such as the need for assistance if the patient is confused or any type of restriction that applies to the patient. As in any other setting, the phlebotomist should always knock on the door or announce his or her arrival before entering the room and explain the purpose of the visit.

In normal blood, the thrombocyte (platelet) count is Thrombocytes are fragments of a large cell formed in the bone marrow, the megakaryocyte. Thrombocytes, commonly referred to as platelets, are an essential component of blood clotting and are the first cells to arrive at the site of an injury. When platelet counts are too high (thrombocytosis), the individual is at risk of blood clots forming; alternately, if the counts are too low (thrombocytopenia), then the individual is at risk of bleeding.

The preferred capillary puncture site for adults and children older than 1 year of age is the distal segment of the nondominant third or fourth finger (palmar surface). The nondominant hand tends to be less calloused than the dominant hand. The tip of the finger should be avoided, and the puncture should be made perpendicular to whorls. Capillary blood should not be obtained on the same side as a prior mastectomy without written permission of the physician.

When administering a tuberculosis (TB) skin test, avoid areas of the arm with scars, bruises, burns, or excessive hair because they may interfere with test results. Applying pressure to the site may force the antigen out of the site, while wiping the site with gauze may cause the antigen to be absorbed. Applying a bandage to the site may result in fluid absorption or irritation and may affect test results.

A positive nitrite test in conjunction with a positive leukocyte test is indicative of urinary tract infection (UTI): a urine culture positive for blood or protein is also indicative of UTI. Glucose in the urine may be indicative of diabetes mellitus.