The horizon model is a framework that helps organizations balance their investments across different time horizons and types of innovation. According to the Scaled Agile Framework, there are four horizons: Horizon
0, Horizon 1, Horizon 2, and Horizon 31. Horizon 1 describes the desired state as stable solutions that deliver high value with minimal new investment. These are the core products or services that generate most of the current revenue and profit, and have a loyal customer base. Horizon 1 solutions require continuous improvement and optimization, but not significant new investment or disruption. Horizon 1 can be further divided into two sub-horizons: Investing and Extracting2.
References:
* Horizon Planning: This article from the Scaled Agile Framework explains the concept and purpose of horizon planning, and describes the four horizons and their characteristics, challenges, and best practices.
* SAFe's investment horizon model - A synopsis: This article from Medium provides a summary of the SAFe investment horizon model, and illustrates how it can help organizations allocate their resources and manage their portfolio.

According to the SAFe Agile Product Management APM (6.0) documents and learning resources, Weighted Shortest Job First (WSJF) is a prioritization model used to sequence work for maximum economic benefit. It is calculated by dividing the cost of delay by the job duration or size. To estimate the cost of delay, three factors are considered: user and business value, time criticality, and risk reduction or opportunity enablement. To estimate the job duration or size, a relative scale such as Fibonacci is used. The highest value in the Fibonacci scale is set as the "ceiling" and the lowest value is set as the "floor". The items are then scored by comparing them to the ceiling and the floor, and assigning them the closest Fibonacci number. The WSJF score is then obtained by dividing the cost of delay score by the job duration or size score. The items with the highest WSJF score are prioritized first.
References:
* WSJF - Scaled Agile Framework
* Weighted Shortest Job First (WSJF) | Definition and Overview - ProductPlan
* Weighted Shortest Job First - Open Practice Library

Journey maps are a design thinking tool that help visualize the steps, interactions, and emotions of a user as they go through a process or a service. Journey maps can help redesign work processes by identifying the pain points, opportunities, and gaps in the current state, and by generating ideas for improving the user experience and value proposition in the future state. Journey maps can also help communicate the user needs and expectations to the stakeholders and align them on a common vision and goal.
References:
* Journey Maps - Scaled Agile Framework
* Journey Mapping 101 | Nielsen Norman Group
* Journey Mapping: The Ultimate Guide | Miro
* Journey Mapping: How to Create One and Why It's Important

According to the SAFe Agile Product Management APM (6.0) documents and learning resources, market segment value is the total value of a specific market segment for agiven solution. It is calculated by multiplying the number of potential customers in the segment by the average revenue per customer and the expected market share. The expected market share depends on several factors, such as the value proposition, the competitive advantage, and the number of existing competitors. Therefore, the number of existing competitors is a factor that must be included when building a model of market segment value.
References:
* Agile Product Management - Scaled Agile Framework
* Customer Centricity - Scaled Agile Framework
* 5.4 Essential Factors in Effective Market Segmentation

Product strategy is the high-level plan that defines the vision, goals, and direction of a product. Product strategy guides the development and delivery of a product that meets the needs and expectations of the customers and the business. Product strategy is primarily driven by the research activity of understanding Customers and values. This activity involves identifying and segmenting the target market, analyzing the customer needs, problems, and opportunities, defining the value proposition and the benefit hypothesis, and validating the assumptions and hypotheses with customer feedback. Understanding Customers and values helps to align the product strategy with the customer-centric mindset and the business outcomes.
References:
* Customer Centricity - Scaled Agile Framework
* Product and Solution Management - Scaled Agile Framework
* Using Market Research To Drive Business Strategy | PlanBeyond