Explanation
Graphical user interface, text, application Description automatically generated

Federation is a collection of domains that have established trust. Reference:
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/hybrid/whatis-fed

Explanation
Graphical user interface, text, application, email Description automatically generated

Box 1: Yes
System updates reduces security vulnerabilities, and provide a more stable environment for end users. Not applying updates leaves unpatched vulnerabilities and results in environments that are susceptible to attacks.
Box 2: Yes
Box 3: Yes
If you only use a password to authenticate a user, it leaves an attack vector open. With MFA enabled, your accounts are more secure.

Explanation
Graphical user interface, text, application, email Description automatically generated

Box 1: Yes
Conditional access policies can be applied to all users
Box 2: No
Conditional access policies are applied after first-factor authentication is completed.
Box 3: Yes
Users with devices of specific platforms or marked with a specific state can be used when enforcing Conditional Access policies.

Azure AD Password Protection detects and blocks known weak passwords and their variants, and can also block additional weak terms that are specific to your organization.
With Azure AD Password Protection, default global banned password lists are automatically applied to all users in an Azure AD tenant. To support your own business and security needs, you can define entries in a custom banned password list.
Reference:
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/authentication/concept-password-ban-bad-on-premises