Explanation
This option allows an organization an easy way to ingest Marketing Cloud subscriber profile attributes into Data Cloud on a daily basis. You can use Automation Studio to export profile attributes to a data extension and use the Profile API to send them to Data Cloud.
References:https://help.salesforce.com/s/articleView?id=sf.c360_a_data_cloud_marketing_cloud_data_foundatio

Explanation
This action should be performed to accommodate the request to delete personal data in Data Cloud. The Consent API allows you to set a consent flag for an individual that prevents further processing of their data and deletes their records from source data streams.
References:https://help.salesforce.com/s/articleView?id=sf.c360_a_data_cloud_consent_api.htm&type=5

These two objects or fields are supported for ingestion using the Salesforce CRM connector. You can select standard or custom objects from your Salesforce CRM org and map them to Data Cloud data model objects. Reference: https://help.salesforce.com/s/articleView?id=sf.c360_a_data_cloud_salesforce_crm.htm&type=5

Explanation
These two applications automatically create activation targets when they are connected to Data Cloud. You can use these targets to activate segments or calculated insights to these applications.
References:https://help.salesforce.com/s/articleView?id=sf.c360_a_data_cloud_activation.htm&type=5

The Customer 360 data model is a conceptual model and a canonical model. A conceptual model is a high-level representation of the entities and relationships in a domain of interest, without specifying any implementation details. A canonical model is a common and consistent data model that can be used across different systems and applications. Reference: [Customer 360 Data Model Overview], [Conceptual Model], [Canonical Model]