What is the purpose of standard values on data templates?

With Sitecore MVC, how do you ensure a field cannot be edited when you use the field helper to render content?

When using Sitecore MVC, which static class contains information about any current HTTP request?

While developing using Sitecore MVC, you modify a file in your Visual Studio project outside of the webroot folder. What can you do to see the changes within the Sitecore installation?

If you want to limit the serialization of items under the Navigation item to the item itself and those one step below, what property should you add to the includes to indicate this limitation?