TheDBMS_STATS.GATHER_DATABASE_STATSprocedure is used to gather statistics for all schema objects in the database that do not have up-to-date statistics. These statistics are essential for the optimizer to make informed decisions about the most efficient way to execute a query. The procedure collects statistics such as table and column statistics, index statistics, and system statistics, which are all used in the execution plan generation.
References:
* Oracle Database PL/SQL Packages and Types Reference, 19c
* Oracle Database Performance Tuning Guide, 19c

When an ORA-00060 deadlock error occurs, detailed information about the error and the deadlock graph are dumped into the alert log. This log contains a trace file name that you can use to find additional detailed information about the sessions involved in the deadlock and the SQL statements they were executing.
References:
* Oracle Database Administrator's Guide, 19c
* Oracle Database Error Messages, 19c

The Active Session History (ASH) report is a tool that provides detailed information about active sessions for the time period specified. Since the AWR snapshot interval is one hour and does not capture the granularity needed for this issue, ASH reports aremore suitable as they contain more granular data for sessions that were active during the period of interest.
References:
* Oracle Database Performance Tuning Guide, 19c

In an adaptive execution plan, the Optimizer makes runtime decisions between nested loop and hash joins using a statistics collector. The collector is a row source that collects statistics about the rows it processes and can adapt the plan based on the number of rows processed.
References:
* Oracle Database SQL Tuning Guide, 19c

In the provided code block, the DBMS_SERVER_ALERT.SET_THRESHOLD procedure is used to set alert thresholds for the CPU time per call in Oracle Database. This procedure is a part of Oracle's Database Server Alert system, which monitors various metrics and generates alerts when certain thresholds are exceeded.
The parameters passed to the SET_THRESHOLD procedure are as follows:
* The first parameter DBMS_SERVER_ALERT.CPU_TIME_PER_CALL specifies the metric for which the threshold is being set, in this case, the CPU time consumed per database call.
* The second and third parameters DBMS_SERVER_ALERT.OPERATOR_GE and '8000' specify the warning threshold level and its value, respectively. However, these are not relevant to the answer as they are overridden by the critical threshold settings.
* The fourth and fifth parameters DBMS_SERVER_ALERT.OPERATOR_GE and '10000' set the critical threshold level and its value. This means that a critical alert will be generated when the CPU time per call exceeds 10000 microseconds.
* The remaining parameters specify the warning and critical alert intervals, the instance name, the object type, and the service name. These are not directly relevant to the behavior described in the options.
Thus, the correct answer is B, as the critical threshold for CPU time per call is set to 10000 microseconds, and the system is configured to issue a critical alert when this threshold is exceeded.
References:
* Oracle Database 19c documentation on the DBMS_SERVER_ALERT.SET_THRESHOLD procedure, which details the parameters and usage of this procedure for setting alert thresholds within Oracle Database monitoring system.
* Oracle Database Performance Tuning Guide, which provides best practices and methodologies for monitoring and tuning Oracle Database performance, including the use of server alerts and thresholds.