Snort is an open source network intrusion prevention and detection system that operates as a network sniffer. It logs activities of the network that is matched with the predefined signatures. Signatures can be designed for a wide range of traffic, including Internet Protocol (IP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP). The three main modes in which Snort can be configured are as follows: Sniffer mode: It reads the packets of the network and displays them in a continuous stream on the console. Packet logger mode: It logs the packets to the disk. Network intrusion detection mode: It is the most complex and configurable configuration, allowing Snort to analyze network traffic for matches against a user-defined rule set. Answer option A is incorrect. Dsniff is a set of tools that are used for sniffing passwords, e-mail, and HTTP traffic. Some of the tools of Dsniff include dsniff, arpredirect, macof, tcpkill, tcpnice, filesnarf, and mailsnarf. Dsniff is highly effective for sniffing both switched and shared networks. It uses the arpredirect and macof tools for switching across switched networks. It can also be used to capture authentication information for FTP, telnet, SMTP, HTTP, POP, NNTP, IMAP, etc. Answer option D is incorrect. Kismet is a Linux-based 802.11 wireless network sniffer and intrusion detection system. It can work with any wireless card that supports raw monitoring (rfmon) mode. Kismet can sniff 802.11b, 802.11a, 802.11g, and 802.11n traffic. Kismet can be used for the following tasks: To identify networks by passively collecting packets To detect standard named networks To detect masked networks To collect the presence of non-beaconing networks via data traffic Answer option B is incorrect. KisMAC is a wireless network discovery tool for Mac OS X.
It has a wide range of features, similar to those of Kismet, its Linux/BSD namesake and far exceeding those of NetStumbler, its closest equivalent on Windows. The program is geared towards the network security professionals, and is not as novice-friendly as the similar applications. KisMAC will scan for networks passively on supported cards, including Apple's AirPort, AirPort Extreme, and many third-party cards. It will scan for networks actively on any card supported by Mac OS X itself. Cracking of WEP and WPA keys, both by brute force, and exploiting flaws, such as weak scheduling and badly generated keys is supported when a card capable of monitor mode is used, and when packet reinsertion can be done with a supported card. The GPS mapping can be performed when an NMEA compatible GPS receiver is attached. Data can also be saved in pcap format and loaded into programs, such as Wireshark.

Protocol analyzer (also known as a network analyzer, packet analyzer or sniffer, or for particular types of networks, an Ethernet sniffer or wireless sniffer) is computer software or computer hardware that can intercept and log traffic passing over a digital network. As data streams flow across the network, the sniffer captures each packet and, if needed, decodes and analyzes its content according to the appropriate RFC or other specifications.
Answer option D is incorrect. Performance Monitor is used to get statistical information about the hardware and software components of a server.
Answer option B is incorrect. A spectrum analyzer, or spectral analyzer, is a device that is used to examine the spectral composition of an electrical, acoustic, or optical waveform. It may also measure the power spectrum.

Chip-level security for IoT devices is achieved by implementing security measures directly into the hardware, such as secure boot, secure firmware updates, and device authentication. This involves storing cryptographic keys in a tamper-resistant environment within the chip, ensuring that sensitive information remains secure even in the event of physical attacks on the device. Closing insecure network services is part of a broader security strategy that includes chip-level measures to protect against cyberattacks. It's important to note that while changing passwords and encrypting interfaces are also security measures, they do not pertain specifically to chip-level security.

Ettercap is a Unix and Windows tool for computer network protocol analysis and security auditing. It is capable
of intercepting traffic on a network segment, capturing passwords, and conducting active eavesdropping
against a number of common protocols. It is a free open source software. Ettercap supports active and passive
dissection of many protocols (including ciphered ones) and provides many features for network and host
analysis.
Answer option C is incorrect. BackTrack is a Linux distribution distributed as a Live CD, which is used for
penetration testing. It allows users to include customizable scripts, additional tools and configurable kernels in
personalized distributions. It contains various tools, such as Metasploit integration, RFMON injection capable
wireless drivers, kismet, autoscan-network (network discovering and managing application), nmap, ettercap,
wireshark (formerly known as Ethereal).
Answer option A is incorrect. AirSnort is a Linux-based WLAN WEP cracking tool that recovers encryption
keys. AirSnort operates by passively monitoring transmissions. It uses Ciphertext Only Attack and captures
approximately 5 to 10 million packets to decrypt the WEP keys. Answer option D is incorrect. Aircrack is the
fastest WEP/WPA cracking tool used for 802.11a/b/g WEP and WPA cracking.