Joe describes himself as being addicted to video games. He is told that if he does not complete his chores, he will lose access to his computer. On Monday, he refuses to complete his chores and he loses access to his computer for 2 days. From Tuesday on, Joe's refusals cease. The change in Joe's behavior is MOST likely to be the result oF.

Which situation is the BEST example of contingency-shaped behavior?

Three boys with autism, ages 7-10 years old, served as participants in a study.
During baseline, staff used response blocking when five instances of aggression or head-banging occurred within 10 seconds, until attempts ceased for 1 minute.
During baseline and treatment, each occurrence of aggression and head-banging was recorded daily and converted to the number of responses per hour.
Treatment comprised a differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI) schedule coupled with response blocking after every head-banging or aggression.
The staff initially applied the treatment to head-banging, while continuing to take a baseline on aggression.
After noting treatment effects on head-banging, the staff then applied the treatment to aggression.
In this scenario, how was direct replication shown?

An establishing operation is any change in the environment which.

What does this graph depict?