Section: Volume E

Section: Volume E
Explanation:
10.1.2.4 Communication Methods
There are several communication methods that are used to share information among project stakeholders.
These methods are broadly classifed as follows:
Interactive communication. Between two or more parties performing a multidirectional exchange of

information. It is the most effcient way to ensure a common understanding by all participants on specified topics, and includes meetings, phone calls, instant messaging, video conferencing, etc.
Push communication. Sent to specific recipients who need to receive the information. This ensures that the

information is distributed but does not ensure that it actually reached or was understood by the intended audience. Push communications include letters, memos, reports, emails, faxes, voice mails, blogs, press releases, etc.
Pull communication. Used for very large volumes of information, or for very large audiences, and requires

the recipients to access the communication content at their own discretion. These methods include intranet sites, e-learning, lessons learned databases, knowledge repositories, etc.
The choices of communication methods that are used for a project may need to be discussed and agreed upon by the project stakeholders based on communication requirements; cost and time constraints; and familiarity and availability of the required tools and resources that may be applicable to the communications process.

Section: Volume B
Explanation
Explanation:
11.4.2.2 Quantitative Risk Analysis and Modeling Techniques page 337
Commonly used techniques use both event-oriented and project-oriented analysis approaches, including:
* Sensitivity analysis. Sensitivity analysis helps to determine which risks have the most potential impact on the project. It helps to understand how the variations in project's objectives correlate with variations in different uncertainties. Conversely, it examines the extent to which the uncertainty of each project element affects the objective being studied when all other uncertain elements are held at their baseline values. One typical display of sensitivity analysis is the tornado diagram (Figure 11-15), which is useful for comparing relative importance and impact of variables that have a high degree of uncertainty to those that are more stable.
The Tornado diagram is also helpful in analyzing risk-taking scenarios enabled on specific risks whose quantitative analysis highlights possible benefits greater than corresponding identified negative impacts. A tornado diagram is a special type of bar chart used in sensitivity analysis for comparing the relative importance of the variables. In a tornado diagram, the Y-axis contains each type of uncertainty at base values, and the X- axis contains the spread or correlation of the uncertainty to the studied output. In this figure, each uncertainty contains a horizontal bar and is ordered vertically to show uncertainties with a decreasing spread from the base values.

Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
8.1.3.3 Quality Metrics
A quality metric specifically describes a project or product attribute and how the control quality process will measure it. A measurement is an actual value. The tolerance defines the allowable variations to the metric. For example, if the quality objective is to stay within the approved budget by ± 10%, the specific quality metric is used to measure the cost of every deliverable and determine the percent variance from the approved budget for that deliverable. Quality metrics are used in the perform quality assurance and control quality processes. Some examples of quality metrics include on-time performance, cost control, defect frequency, failure rate, availability, reliability, and test coverage.
Process: 8.1 Plan Quality Management
Definition: The process of identifying quality requirements and/or standards for the project and its deliverables and documenting how the project will demonstrate compliance with quality requirements and/ or standards.
Key Benefit: The key benefit of this process is that it provides guidance and direction on how quality will be managed and validated throughout the project.
Inputs
1. Project management plan
2. Stakeholder register
3. Risk register
4. Requirements documentation
5. Enterprise environmental factors
6. Organizational process assets
1. Tools & Techniques
2. Cost-benefit analysis
3. Cost of quality
4. Seven basic quality tools
5. Benchmarking
6. Design of experiments
7. Statistical sampling
8. Additional quality planning tools
9. Meetings
Outputs
1. Quality management plan
2. Process improvement plan
3. Quality metrics
4. Quality checklists
5. Project documents updates
Process: 8.2 Perform Quality Assurance
Definition: The process of auditing the quality requirements and the results from quality control measurements to ensure that appropriate quality standards and operational definitions are used.
Key Benefit: The key benefit of this process is that it facilitates the improvement of quality processes.
Inputs
1. Quality management plan
2. Process improvement plan
3. Quality metrics
4. Quality control measurements
5. Project documents
Tools & Techniques
1. Quality management and control tools
2. Quality audits
3. Process analysis
Outputs
1. Change requests
2. Project management plan updates
3. Project documents updates
4. Organizational process assets updates