A venture capitalist is considering investing in a management buy-out that would be financed as follows:
* Equity from managers
* Equity from a venture capitalist
* Mezzanine debt finance from a venture capitalist
* Senior debt from a bank
The venture capitalist is planning to work with the management to grow the business in anticipation of an initial public offering within five years.
However, the cash forecast shows a potential shortage of funds in the first year and the venture capitalist is evaluating the potential impact of cash being generated in the first year being significantly lower than forecast.
The most important risk that a shortage of cash would create for the management buyout is that the new company has insufficient funds to:

Companies A, B, C and D:
* are based in a country that uses the K$ as its currency.
* have an objective to grow operating profit year on year.
* have the same total levels of revenue and cost.
* trade with companies or individuals in the eurozone. All import and export trade with companies or individuals in the eurozone is priced in EUR.
Typical import/export trade for each company in a year are as follows:

Which company's growth objective is most sensitive to a movement in the EUR/K$ exchange rate?

Company A is based in country A with the AS as its functional currency. It expects to receive BS20 million from Company B in settlement of an export invoice.
The current exchange rate is A$1 =B$2 and the daily standard deviation of this exchange rate = 0 5% What is the one-day 95% VaR in AS?

Company WWW is identical in all operating and risk characteristics to Company ZZZ. but their capital structures differ. Company WWW and Company ZZZ both pay corporate income tax at 20%
Company WWW has a gearing ratio (debt: equity) of 1:3 Its pre-tax cost of debt is 6%.
Company ZZZ Is all-equity financed. Its cost of equity is 15%
What is the cost of equity tor Company WWW?

Which of the following would be a reason for a company to adopt a low dividend pay-out policy?