System owners are the information systems (project) sponsors or chief advocates. They normally are responsible for initiating and funding projects to develop, operate and maintain information systems. System users are the individuals who use or are affected by the information system. Their requirements are crucial in the testing stage of a project. System designers translate business requirements and constraints into technical solutions. System builders construct the system based on the specifications from the systems designers. In most cases, the designers and builders are one and the same.

Section: Protection of Information Assets
Explanation:
Disk-to-disk (D2D) backup should not be seen as a direct replacement for backup to tape; rather, it should
be viewed as part of a multitier backup architecture that takes advantage of the best features of both tape
and disk technologies. Backups to disks are not dramatically faster than backups to tapes in a balanced
environment. Most often than not there is hardly a difference, since the limiting components are not tape or
disk drives but the overall sustained bandwidth of the backup server's backplane. The advantage in terms
of speed is in restoring performance, since all data are on hand and can be accessed randomly, resulting in
a dramatic enhancement in throughput. This makes fast synthetic backups (making a full back up without
touching the host's data only by using the existing incremental backups) efficient and easy. Although the
cost of disks has been reduced, tape-based backup can offer an overall cost advantage over disk-only
solutions. Even if RAID arrays are used for D2Dstorage, a failed drive must be swapped out and the RAID
set rebuilt before another disk drive fails, thus making this kind of backup more risky and not suitable as a
solution of last resort. In contrast, a single tape drive failure does not produce any data loss since the data
resides on the tape media. In a multidrive library, the loss of the use of a single tape drive has no impact on
the overall level of data protection. Conversely, the loss of a disk drive in an array can put all data at risk.
This in itself reinforces the benefits of a disk-to-disk-to-any storage hierarchy, as data could be protected by
a tertiary stage of disk storage and ultimately tape. Beyond the drive failure issue, tape has an inherent
reliability advantage over any disk drive as it has no boot sector or file allocation table that can be infected
or manipulated by a virus.

Stopping the service and installing the security fix is the safest way to prevent the worm from spreading, if the service is not stopped, installing the fix is not the most effective method because the worm continues spreading until the fix becomes effective. Blocking the protocol on the perimeter does not stop the worm from spreading to the internal network(s). Blocking the protocol helps to slow down the spreading but also prohibits any software that utilizes it from working between segments.