Section: INCIDENT MANAGEMENT AND RESPONSE
Explanation
Explanation:
Isolating the server will prevent further intrusions and protect evidence of intrusion activities left in memory and on the hard drive. Some intrusion activities left in virtual memory may be lost if the system is shut down.
Duplicating the hard disk will only preserve the evidence on the hard disk, not the evidence in virtual memory, and will not prevent further unauthorized access attempts. Copying the database log file to a protected server will not provide sufficient evidence should the organization choose to pursue legal recourse.

Explanation
The business client should be responsible for determining access levels to an application that processes client information, because the business client is the owner of the data and the primary stakeholder of the application. The business client has the best knowledge and understanding of the business requirements, objectives, and expectations of the application, and the sensitivity, value, and criticality of the data. The business client can also define the roles and responsibilities of the users and the access rights and privileges of the users based on the principle of least privilege and the principle of separation of duties. The business client can also monitor and review the access levels and the usage of the application, and ensure that the access levels are aligned with the organization's information security policies and standards.
The information security team, the identity and access management team, and the business unit management are all involved in the process of determining access levels to an application that processes client information, but they are not the primary responsible party. The information security team provides guidance, support, and oversight to the business client on the information security best practices, controls, and standards for the application, and ensures that the access levels are consistent with the organization's information security strategy and governance. The identity and access management team implements, maintains, and audits the access levels and the access control mechanisms for the application, and ensures that the access levels are compliant with the organization's identity and access management policies and procedures. The business unit management approves, authorizes, and sponsors the access levels and the access requests for the application, and ensures that the access levels are aligned with the business unit's goals and strategies. References = ISACA, CISM Review Manual, 16th Edition, 2020, pages 125-126, 129-130, 133-134, 137-138.
ISACA, CISM Review Questions, Answers & Explanations Database, 12th Edition, 2020, question ID
1037.

Explanation
Measuring the percentage of controls integrated into business processes is the most accurate way to determine the alignment of an information security strategy with organizational goals, as this reflects the extent to which the information security program supports and enables the business objectives and activities, and reduces the friction and resistance from the business stakeholders. The percentage of controls integrated into business processes also indicates the maturity and effectiveness of the information security program, and the level of awareness and acceptance of the information security policies and standards among the business users. Number of blocked intrusion attempts, number of business cases reviewed by senior management, and trends in the number of identified threats to the business are not the most accurate ways to determine the alignment of an information security strategy with organizational goals, as they do not measure the impact and value of the information security program on the business performance and outcomes, and may not reflect the business priorities and expectations. References = CISM Review Manual 2023, page 291; CISM Review Questions, Answers & Explanations Manual 2023, page 372; ISACA CISM - iSecPrep, page 223; CISM Exam Overview - Vinsys4