By applying a Berkeley Packet Filter to drop only the HTTPS patch#repo traffic before it reaches the IDS, you relieve the processing burden during patch windows while preserving full visibility for all other flows.
This avoids reconfiguring the IDS itself or losing visibility across the rest of the network.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
The best way to prevent unscheduled outages caused by Infrastructure as Code (IaC) changes is to implement automated review and approval gates in the CI/CD pipeline. This ensures that all changes undergo validation, peer review, testing, and possibly approval from stakeholders before being deployed, thus reducing the likelihood of production-impacting issues.
Relevant Extract from CompTIA CloudNetX CNX-001 Study Guide - under "CI/CD Security and IaC Controls":
"Incorporating approval gates and automated validation into CI/CD pipelines helps detect misconfigurations and unauthorized changes before deployment, reducing the risk of outages." Other options:
* A. Making changes directly to the master branch violates best practices.
* B. Self-review (by the author) lacks objectivity and fails peer validation.
* C. Forking creates a copy but does not introduce formal validation processes.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
Geofencing is a network access control method that enforces restrictions based on location data. In this scenario, the organization requires access to be permitted only when users are on premises (i.e., within a specific physical location). Geofencing can be implemented using source IP ranges or GPS-based location data to define boundaries (fences). This allows access to certain applications or services only when the user is inside a designated network or area.
MFA (Option A) provides identity assurance but does not enforce physical location-based restrictions.
UEBA (Option C) provides behavioral analytics but is not used for real-time access control.
PKI (Option D) provides identity validation through certificates but is not location-aware.
Relevant Extract from CompTIA CloudNetX CNX-001 Official Study Guide:
"Geofencing allows organizations to define physical or logical boundaries that restrict or allow access based on user location. Policies can be configured to allow access only when users are on a trusted campus or corporate network, denying requests originating from outside the geofenced area." Covered under the topic: "Access Control Technologies and Identity Enforcement Mechanisms."

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
The local machine has the IP address 10.21.12.8 and the physical address 1A-21-11-33-44-5A.However, the ARP table shows that 10.21.12.8 is mapped to a different MAC address (1A-21-11-31-74-4C), meaning another device on the network is responding to ARP requests for the same IP. This is a clear sign of an IP address conflict, which would prevent the workstation from functioning properly on the network.
Relevant Extract from CompTIA CloudNetX CNX-001 Study Guide - under "Troubleshooting IP Addressing Issues":
"An IP conflict occurs when two devices on the same network are assigned the same IP address. Symptoms include connectivity loss, duplicate ARP entries, and inconsistent routing behavior." Other options:
* A. Asynchronous routing refers to packets taking different return paths, which is unrelated to ARP inconsistencies.
* C. DHCP server issues would affect IP assignment but are not indicated here - the workstation has an IP address assigned.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
WAF (Web Application Firewall) protects web applications by inspecting HTTP/S traffic to and from the application. It filters, monitors, and blocks malicious traffic and exploits targeting web application vulnerabilities. WAFs are deployed at the edge, often in conjunction with load balancers, and are ideal for mitigating threats like SQL injection, cross-site scripting, and protocol violations.
NSG (Network Security Group) is a native security feature offered by many cloud providers (such as Azure), functioning similarly to a firewall. NSGs control inbound and outbound traffic at the virtual network interface, subnet, or VM level, allowing engineers to define allowed or denied traffic rules.
Relevant Extract from CompTIA CloudNetX CNX-001 Study Guide under "Cloud Workload Protection & Security Tools":
"WAFs are critical for protecting web-facing applications in public cloud environments."
"Network Security Groups (NSGs) are used to enforce access policies on cloud-based virtual networks, providing filtering and segmentation at the instance or subnet level."