Which of the following options is an example of an expense?

Managers at a fast food chain that employs mostly minimum wage workers learn that a new law may increase the minimum wage in the United States by 25 percent. Assuming demand for labor is NOT perfectly elastic, how will this affect the market outcome?

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A manager at a large gold mining company is trying to determine how a series of recent events will affect the future of his industry.
The following events occur simultaneously:
Flooding damages several gold mines in a region.
The price of platinum, a substitute for gold, increases.
A new government policy mandates an increased wage rate for mine workers.
What should the manager expect regarding the new equilibrium price and quantity for gold?

A nutritional study is released that touts the benefits of eating cereal for breakfast. Concurrently, a new type of grain is invented that reduces the input costs in producing cereal. What will happen to the equilibrium price and the quantity consumed of bananas, a complement to breakfast cereal?

A company is considering a project to develop a nascent technology to harness energy from ocean waves but wants to determine its economic viability. This 10-year project will cost the company $10 million in research and development costs and $25 million to build infrastructure. Each megawatt of energy costs $60 to produce, but the government offers a subsidy of $5 permegawatt. The price per megawatt of energy will be $56 for the next five years, and the company expects to produce 1 million megawatts per year. Ignoring the time value of money (i.e. assuming cash flows across different years are directly comparable), if costs, output, and subsidies remain constant, what will the market price of a megawatt of energy need to be in years six through ten to make this project economically viable?