* Total Cost of Ownership (TCO): TCO analysis considers all costs associated with the lifecycle of an asset.
* Fleet Automobiles: For fleet automobiles, TCO includes acquisition, operation, maintenance, and disposal costs.
* Disposal Costs: These are the costs related to the disposal of the vehicle at the end of its useful life, including resale value or recycling costs.
* Comprehensive Analysis: Including disposal in TCO ensures that all potential costs are considered, providing a complete picture of the financial impact of owning and operating the fleet.
References
* ISM. (n.d.). Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) Analysis.
* CIPS. (n.d.). Understanding Total Cost of Ownership in Procurement.

To reduce travel costs, expanding the use of video conferencing as an alternative to travel is the most effective solution. Video conferencing can significantly cut down on the need for physical travel, allowing for virtual meetings and collaboration. This approach not only reduces travel expenses but also saves time and increases productivity by enabling more frequent and flexible communication without the need for extensive travel.
References:
* "Supply Chain Management: Strategy, Planning, and Operation" by Sunil Chopra and Peter Meindl
* Articles on cost management and technology adoption in supply chain management from the Journal of Business Logistics