Infection control risk assessments are performed to identify actual or potential infection risks for populations of healthcare personnel and to inform measures that reduce those risks1. These assessments are conducted regularly and the results are reviewed with occupational health services leaders to set performance goals and charge relevant healthcare organization departments and individuals to reduce risks1. The main purpose of these assessments is to prioritize organizational infection prevention and control goals1.
References:
* CDC Infection Control Guidelines

A medication administration workaround is the best example of a non-value-added step in the healthcare environment. Workarounds are typically informal practices that staff develop to bypass perceived inefficiencies or obstacles in standard processes. These steps often add no value to patient care and can introduce risks, making them non-value-added activities that should be identified and eliminated in the pursuit of process improvement.
Medication double checks (A): Although time-consuming, this step adds value by enhancing patient safety.
Medication reconciliation at transfer (B): This process is critical for ensuring accuracy and continuity of care, making it value-added.
Medication verbal order read-back (C): This practice is an important safety step to confirm that orders are understood correctly.
References
NAHQ Body of Knowledge: Value-Added and Non-Value-Added Activities in Healthcare NAHQ CPHQ Exam Preparation Materials: Identifying and Eliminating Non-Value-Added Steps
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A Pareto chart is ideal for identifying the most significant factors in a dataset. In this scenario, it can help highlight which individuals or roles are contributing most to incomplete documentation. By displaying the data in descending order of frequency, the Pareto chart allows for quick identification of the primary sources of documentation issues, enabling targeted quality improvement efforts.
Bar charts (Option B) display data but do not prioritize issues by frequency. Run charts (Option C) are used for data over time, and Gantt charts (Option D) are project management tools, not data analysis tools.
References:
NAHQ CPHQ Exam Preparation Materials: Data Analysis and Display
NAHQ Body of Knowledge: Performance and Process Improvement