is incorrect. It is not done immediately after the completion of the project as its effectiveness cannot be measured until the system has been in production for certain time period. Answer:B is incorrect. The post-project review of project for accessing effectiveness cannot be done during the project as effectiveness can only evaluated after setting the project in process of production. Answer:D is incorrect. Post-project review for evaluating the effectiveness of the project can only be done after the completion of the project and the project is in production phase.

Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Although this appears to be a simple change the project manager must still follow the rules of the project's change control system.
Integrated change control is a way to manage the changes incurred during a project. It is a method that manages reviewing the suggestions for changes and utilizing the tools and techniques to evaluate whether the change should be approved or rejected. Integrated change control is a primary component of the project's change control system that examines the affect of a proposed change on the entire project.
Incorrect Answers:
A: Configuration management is the documentation and control of the product's features and functions.
B: Communications management is the execution of the communications management plan.
D: The project change control process not valid as it's the parent of the integrated change control process, which is more accurate for this question.

Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
As new technologies, products and services are introduced, compliance requirements become more complex and strict; business processes and related information flows change over time. These changes can often affect the efficiency and effectiveness of controls. Formerly effective controls become inefficient, redundant or obsolete and have to be removed or replaced.
Therefore, the monitoring process has to receive timely feedback from risk assessments and through key risk indicators (KRIs) to ensure an effective control life cycle.
Incorrect Answers:
B: Most of the time, the addition of controls results in degradation of the efficiency and profitability of a process without adding an equitable level of corresponding risk mitigation, hence better controls are adopted in place of adding more controls.
C: A BIA is a discovery process meant to uncover the inner workings of any process. It helps to identify about actual procedures, shortcuts, workarounds and the types of failure that may occur. It involves determining the purpose of the process, who performs the process and its output. It also involves determining the value of the process output to the enterprise.
D: Efficiency and effectiveness of controls are not affected by the changes in technology or product, so some measure should be taken.

The data owner is the person who has the authority and responsibility to classify, label, and protect the information assets of the organization. The data owner is accountable for the risk of potential loss of confidential information, as they are the ones who determine the level of protection and access required for the data. The risk manager is responsible for identifying, assessing, and mitigating the risks that may affect the organization, but they are not accountable for the data itself. The end user is the person who uses the information assets for their operational tasks, but they are not accountable for the data protection or classification. The IT department is responsible for providing the technical support and infrastructure for the information assets, but they are not accountable for the data ownership or risk management. References = Risk and Information Systems Control Study Manual, Chapter 2: IT Risk Assessment, Section 2.3: Data Classification, p. 69-70.