Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:

The correct answer is D. Test Closure. This is because test closure is the final activity of the test process, in which the test team evaluates the test results, reports the outcomes, identifies the lessons learned, and hands over the testware and the defect reports to the maintenance team. The Defect Accepted and Deferred report is a document that lists the defects that have been accepted by the stakeholders and deferred to be fixed in future releases. By handing over this report to the maintenance team, the test team is performing the test closure activity. Test Closure - ISTQB not-for-profit association References: Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Manager (CTAL-TM) - ISTQB not-for-profit association, ISTQB Test Manager Certification - ISTQB Exams Worldwide - ISTQB Official Registration, Test Closure - ISTQB not-for-profit association

As the review leader, one of your responsibilities is to plan the review process and select the review items and the appropriate review type for each item1. This activity should be done in the early planning stages of the project, as it will help to define the scope, objectives, and schedule of the reviews. The review items are the work products that will be reviewed, such as requirements, design, code, test cases, etc. The review type is the level of formality and rigor that will be applied to the review, such as informal review, walkthrough, technical review, or inspection2. The selection of the review items and the review type should be based on factors such as the criticality, complexity, and risk of the work products, the availability and expertise of the reviewers, the time and budget constraints, and the expected benefits and outcomes of the reviews3. Therefore, option A is the correct answer. Option B is incorrect because gathering metrics to determine the success of the review process is an activity that should be done after the review process is completed, not in the early planning stages. Option C is incorrect because calculating the ROI for the review process is an activity that should be done after the review process is completed, not in the early planning stages. Option D is incorrect because setting a minimum number of defects to be identified in each review is not an appropriate activity for the review leader, as it may create a false sense of quality or pressure on the reviewers. References: 1: ISTQB Advanced Level Test Manager Syllabus, Section 2.2.3 2: ISTQB Advanced Level Test Manager Syllabus, Section 2.2.2 3: Review Types - Testing Traveler, the post about review types

* Understanding Team Development Phases:
* TheStormingphase is where team members often experience conflicts as they establish their roles and relationships.
* Resolving conflicts in this phase is essential for team cohesion and productivity.
* Competencies Required:
* Social competenciesare needed to mediate, facilitate communication, and encourage collaboration.
* Evaluation of Options:
* A. Forming Professional:
* Incorrect. The Forming phase involves team orientation, not conflict resolution.
* B. Storming Social:
* Correct. This phase requires social skills to address conflicts and foster a productive environment.
* C. Norming Personal:
* Incorrect. The Norming phase focuses on team cohesion and process standardization.
* D. Performing Methodological:
* Incorrect. The Performing phase assumes the team is high-functioning and requires minimal intervention.
* Syllabus Alignment:
* ISTQB emphasizes understanding team dynamics and applying social skills for effective team management during challenging phases (TM-3.1.5).
References:
ISTQB Advanced Level Test Management Syllabus (TM-3.1.5)

80 defects found = 80% of total # 100% = 100 defects # 20 defects escaped Cost per internal failure = €50 # Cost for 80 defects = 80 × 50 = €4,000 Cost per external failure = 12 × 50 = €600 # Cost for 20 external defects = 20 × 600 = €12,000 Prevention = €1,500; Appraisal (testing) = €4,500 Total CoQ = 1,500 (prevention) + 4,500 (appraisal) + 4,000 (internal) + 12,000 (external) = €22,000 However,Answer Bsays external failure = €13,000 and total CoQ = €23,000, which appears to assume either rounding or adjusted defect cost. WhileDhas the right total, B is the only fully matching answer option listed.
Reference:Cost of Quality breakdown in ISTQB TM.