The correct answer is D. Review VM proposals . Prior to the formal disposition of VM proposals, decision- makers must first understand what has been recommended, why each proposal was developed, what value improvement is expected, and what effects the proposal may have on cost, performance, quality, schedule, and risk. SAVE's VM Standard Reference describes the Implementation Phase as the point where the sponsoring organization reviews the results of the VM study and decides which VM proposals to implement .
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This sequence is important. Review comes before disposition. Disposition means determining whether each VM proposal is accepted, rejected, deferred, modified, or requires additional study. The SAVE Study Guide also identifies common implementation activities as reviewing the preliminary report and then conducting an implementation meeting to determine the disposition of each value alternative. ( ) Option A occurs after proposals are accepted, because the implementation plan is developed for approved actions. Option B may occur only when information is incomplete, but it is not the normal decision-maker activity before disposition. Option C is essentially the disposition activity itself, not the step before it.
References/topics: Implementation Phase; VM Proposal Review; Preliminary Report; Disposition of Value Alternatives; Implementation Planning.

The correct answers are B and C . Lessons learned from a VM study are intended to strengthen organizational learning, improve future VM applications, and convert study experience into repeatable management knowledge. SAVE's study guidance identifies Value Study follow-up as the activity used to follow up on implementation results and improve the application of VM for future studies. It specifically includes preparing reports of study results and lessons learned, identifying missed opportunities, identifying roadblocks to innovation, debriefing and recording lessons learned, and integrating results into the organization's lessons- learned or program reporting system. ( cdn..com ) Therefore, documenting both successes and challenges is essential because lessons learned must be balanced, factual, and useful for future teams. Capturing only positive outcomes would distort the learning record, while capturing only failures would create blame rather than improvement. Requiring changes based on specific challenges is also appropriate because lessons learned should result in corrective or preventive action where recurring obstacles, process gaps, or implementation barriers are identified.
Option A is incorrect because VM lessons learned should not be a blame exercise focused on design errors and responsible individuals. Option D is incorrect because negative impacts must not be filtered out; they are often the most important source of improvement.
References/topics: VM Programs; Value Study Follow-Up Activities; Lessons Learned; Program Reporting; Implementation Feedback.

The correct answers are A, C, and E . In Value Methodology, an unwanted function is a negative or undesirable function created by the selected design approach, process method, or operating solution. The SAVE glossary defines an unwanted function as one identified by the customer, user, or stakeholder as undesirable and caused by the approach used to achieve the subject's purpose. The SAVE Value Methodology Standard similarly classifies it as a negative secondary function caused by the method used to achieve the basic function, such as heat generated by lighting that then requires cooling. ( UW Courses ) Therefore, C is correct because unwanted functions are typically byproducts of how another required or basic function is performed. A is correct because these negative functions can reduce performance, quality, reliability, safety, or user satisfaction. E is correct because unwanted functions consume resources through added mitigation, maintenance, energy, rework, or corrective measures.
Option D is incorrect because Value Index is used broadly in Function Analysis to compare cost and worth and select improvement opportunities, not to define unwanted functions. ( UW Courses ) Option B is too broad; unwanted functions may become targets for elimination, but that is not their defining characteristic.
References/topics: Function Analysis Phase; Function Classification; Secondary Functions; Unwanted Functions; Function Cost and Worth.

The correct answers are A and D . In a VM study, assumptions must not be accepted automatically as fixed requirements. Many projects begin with assumptions about user needs, design criteria, operating conditions, owner preferences, codes, capacities, materials, schedules, or performance expectations. Over time, these assumptions may become treated as mandatory requirements even when they have not been tested. The VM study team's responsibility is to examine them objectively.
The team should challenge assumptions with facts because unsupported assumptions can restrict creativity, increase cost, and prevent better value solutions. Challenging does not mean rejecting them blindly; it means asking whether the assumption is true, current, measurable, and necessary to perform the required function.
The team should also verify assumptions through project data, stakeholder input, customer needs, technical criteria, codes, standards, cost information, and performance requirements. Verified assumptions may remain as valid constraints or criteria. Unverified assumptions should not control the study.
Option B is incorrect because assumptions should not simply be replaced without analysis. Option C is incorrect because accepting assumptions as facts can cause the team to preserve unnecessary cost and miss value-improvement opportunities.
References/topics: Information Phase; Assumptions; Criteria and Requirements; Fact-Based Analysis; VM Job Plan.

The correct selection is D because it provides the strongest balance of study readiness, timing, and probability of return . A VM program manager must allocate limited study resources to the candidate most likely to produce measurable value improvement. SAVE guidance states that VM produces the greatest benefit early in development when basic project information is established but major design resources have not yet been fully committed. ( cdn..com ) It also notes that later studies are more likely to increase implementation cost. ( cdn..
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Option D is therefore superior because a 30% design with a detailed estimate gives the VM team enough factual information for function, cost, worth, and alternative analysis, while the project is still early enough for recommendations to be implemented economically. The fact that the previous similar project achieved the target ROI further supports selection because it indicates a credible return pattern. Option A is too late because the design is complete and ROI is already doubtful. Options B and C are too immature because design has not started; C is additionally weak because the similar previous project failed to meet ROI.
References/topics: VM Programs; Value Program Management; Study Selection; ROI; Timing of VM Studies; Preparation Phase.