Explanation
In this case, Precision = 50%, Recall = 83%, Specificity = 95%: and Accuracy = 95%. In this case, Precision is low, which means the classifier is predicting positives poorly. However, the three other measures seem to suggest that this is a good classifier. This just goes to show that the problem domain has a major impact on the measures that should be used to evaluate a classifier within it, and that looking at the 4 simple cases presented is not sufficient.

Explanation
Logistic regression
Logistic regression is a model used for prediction of the probability of occurrence of an event. It makes use of several predictor variables that may be either numerical or categories.
Support Vector Machines
As with naive Bayes, Support Vector Machines (or SVMs) can be used to solve the task of assigning objects to classes. But the way this task is solved is completely different to the setting in naive Bayes.
Neural Network
Neural Networks are a means for classifying multidimensional objects.
Hidden Markov Models
Hidden Markov Models are used in multiple areas of machine learning, such as speech recognition, handwritten letter recognition, or natural language processing.