Explanation
Dates in Tableau will behave differently depending on whether they are a Datepart (blue) or a Datevalue (green). This affects how the axes display/behave and also how visualisations such as line charts will display.
The difference essentially boils down to Dateparts behaving like a dimension as opposed to a measure which is how Datevalues behave. This means that Dateparts behave like discrete categories on the view whereas Datevalues are more like continuous numeric values.
Dateparts are discrete and they behave the same as dimension filters. If all dates are used on the filter then each individual date will be a datepart that can be selected/excluded. This is the same for each level of date, if datepart months is placed on filters January to December will be tick-able options in the filter. This also means that conditions and top/bottom filters can be applied to datepart filters like any other dimension filter.
Datevalues placed on filters behave like measure filters. A min and a max date can be set and there is a relative dates option which allows you to choose things like only show the previous 3 months or years etc.

Explanation
There are two types of sets: dynamic sets and fixed sets. The members of a dynamic set change when the underlying data changes. Dynamic sets can only be based on a single dimension.
To create a dynamic set:
1) In the Data pane, right-click a dimension and select Create > Set.
2) In the Create Set dialog box, configure your set. You can configure your set using the following tabs:
General: Use the General tab to select one or more values that will be considered when computing the set.
You can alternatively select the Use all option to always consider all members even when new members are added or removed.

None of the other options exist, and therefore are incorrect answers.

Explanation
Yes, it is possible to disable highlighting for the entire workbook.

For more information : https://help.tableau.com/current/pro/desktop/en-gb/actions_highlight.htm

Explanation
According to the official Tableau documentation:

Explanation
You can create aliases (alternate names) for members in a dimension so that their labels appear differently in the view.
Aliases can be created for the members of discrete dimensions only. They cannot be created for continuous dimensions, dates, or measures.
To create an alias:

1) In the Data pane, right-click a dimension and select Aliases.
2) In the Edit Aliases dialog box, under Value (Alias), select a member and enter a new name.

* To submit your changes: In Tableau Desktop, click OK.
On Tableau Server or Tableau Online, click the X icon in the top-right corner of the dialog box.
When you add the field to the view, the alias names appear as labels in the view. For example: