Which action can IT leaders take to encourage ethical behavior in their organizational culture?
Correct Answer: D
IT leaders can encourage ethical behavior by conducting social audits to evaluate the organization's ethical performance and then communicating clear goals for improvement. A social audit is a structured evaluation of a company's ethical, social, and environmental impact, ensuring transparency and accountability. By sharing ethical goals, IT leaders create an organizational culture that values integrity and responsibility. * Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) - Ethical leadership requires accountability in areas like employee welfare, environmental impact, and digital ethics. * Stakeholder Theory (Freeman, 1984) - Ethical leadership involves transparency and engagement with employees, customers, and society. * IEEE and ACM Ethical Guidelines - Highlight the importance of corporate ethics policies and performance reviews. * Ethical IT Governance (ITIL & ISO 26000) - Emphasize corporate responsibility, ethical leadership, and transparency in IT decision-making. Relevant Ethical References in Technology:Thus, conducting social audits and communicating ethical goals is the most effective way to promote an ethical culture.
Question 12
A consulting company employs H-1B workers. Even though companies applying for H*1B visas must offer a wage that is at least 95% of the average salary for the occupation, a close review of salaries within the consulting firm suggests that its H-1B workers are often paid 20% less on average than those with similar skill sets. Which loophole is the company using to avoid paying H-1B workers a fair wage?
Correct Answer: B
The H-1B visa program requires employers to pay foreign workers at least 95% of the average salary for their occupation. However, some companies exploit a loophole by misclassifying experienced H-1B workers as entry-level to justify paying them lower wages. By doing this, the company artificially lowers salary expectations for H-1B workers, avoiding compliance with wage requirements while benefiting from cheaper labor. * H-1B Wage Regulations (Department of Labor, LCA Requirements) - Employers must accurately classify workers based on experience level. * Corporate Ethics & Fair Compensation - Ethical labor practices ensure fair wages regardless of immigration status. * Utilitarian & Deontological Ethics - Ethical employers should not manipulate classifications to exploit workers. * Whistleblower Protections (H-1B & Immigration Labor Laws) - H-1B employees can report misclassification and wage exploitation. Relevant Ethical References in Technology:Thus, the correct answer is B. Classifying an H-1B worker as entry level when they fill a position of an experienced worker, as it allows employers to pay lower wages unfairly.
Question 13
Which act prohibits U.S. government agencies from concealing the existence of personal data record-keeping systems?
Correct Answer: B
Contingent workers (e.g., contractors, freelancers, or temporary employees) can provide short-term solutions for resource gaps, but they come with disadvantages. Why is minimal internal process understanding a disadvantage? * Contingent workers do not have long-term exposure to the company's workflows, culture, or business strategies. * Training contingent workers on company-specific processes takes time and effort, reducing initial productivity. * They may not be as committed to organizational goals as full-time employees. * A. Any skills gained during employment will be lost to the company at the project's completion. - While true, companies can retain knowledge through documentation and collaboration. * C. The company may require the same worker for other projects. - This is not a disadvantage; it could be a benefit if the worker is rehired. * D. The company does not have to provide benefits throughout the project's lifecycle. - This is an advantage, not a disadvantage. Why Not the Other Options?Thus, the correct answer is B. Internal business process understanding will be minimal given the temporary nature of the workers. * Kalleberg, A. L. (2000). Nonstandard Employment Relations: Part-time, Temporary, and Contract Work. * Harvard Business Review (2022). Managing Contingent Workers Effectively. References in Ethics in Technology:
Question 14
An underage actor is admitted to a local hospital. A nurse from another department wants to know what the patient's ailment is. The nurse accesses the patient's medical record and is subsequently flagged for unauthorized access. Which law has the nurse violated?
Correct Answer: C
Question 15
An individual soils a used television on an e-commerce website without knowing or disclosing that it is damaged Which two ethical problems is the seller engaged in? Choose 2 answers.
Correct Answer: A,D
The individual sells a used television without knowing or disclosing that it is damaged, which raises two ethical concerns: * Negligence - The seller fails to inspect the product properly before selling it, which is careless and irresponsible. * Misrepresentation - The seller does not disclose the damage, leading the buyer to believe the product is in working condition. Why These Two Options? * Negligence applies because the seller should have checked the TV before listing it. * Misrepresentation applies because the seller fails to provide accurate information, even if unintentional. * B. Breach of Contract - There is no formal contract in typical e-commerce transactions unless explicitly agreed upon. * C. Conflict of Interest - This applies when personal interests interfere with professional duties, which is not the case here. Why Not the Other Options?Thus, the correct answers are A. Negligence and D. Misrepresentation, as they reflect the ethical failures in this situation. * Kantian Ethics - Duty to provide truthful information. * Consumer Protection Laws (e.g., U.S. FTC Guidelines). * Beauchamp, T., & Childress, J. (2019). Principles of Biomedical Ethics. References in Ethics in Technology:
