A.IGMPv3 removes the ability to include all sources in a wildcard group

B.IGMPv3 adds Request-to-send and Clear-to-send between source and local IGMP queries

C.IGMPv3 removes the Report-suppression feature for membership reporting

D.IGMPv3 adds the ability for hosts to specify multicast groups that are joined to a specific multicast source

E.IGMPv3 adds the ability for hosts to specify multicast groups that do not join a specific multicast source

A.In MPLSVPI, if you need to hide the structure of the MPLS backbone network, you can use Uniform mode on Ingress for private network messages .

B.Unifore style, when an IP packet passes through the MPLS network, the IPTTL of the incoming node is minus l. The MPLS TTL field is a fixed value.

C.The TTL in the MPLS label has the same meaning as the TTL field in the head. TTL prevents mpLS networks from developing bad routing.

D.Pipe mode. When an IP message passes through the MPLS network, the IPTTL minus 1 is mapped to the WLSTTL field at the incoming node.

A.After the PE receives an IPv4 route from CE, it adds an RD to the route to IPv4 that translates to a globally unique VPN-IPv4 route and publishes it on the public network

B.On a PE device, each VPN instance corresponds to an RD value, and the RD value must be unique on the same PE device

C.RD is encapsulated in the Update message as an extended community attribute of BGP during delivery

D.RD can be used to control the publication of VPN routing information

A.L2TP

B.GOES

C.SSL VPN

D.IPsec VPN

A.OSPF's hello send interval is seconds, which is faster than BFD inductive link state

B.Does not affect OSPF neighbor status

C.Any change in BFD status is realized by detecting the BFD at the millisecond level, which correlates the OSPF state and realizes the purpose of OSPF rapid sensing link state

D.BFD packet transmission interval can reach the 100-second level, which is slower than the OSPF induction link state