In optical networks, a single hop of bare fiber is typically limited to around 100 km without the need for signal regeneration or amplification. Beyond this distance, optical signals degrade, requiring repeaters, amplifiers, or additional equipment to maintain transmission quality.

iStack (Intelligent Stack) is a horizontal virtualization technology used primarily at the access and aggregation layers of the campus network. It allows multiple physical switches to be connected via stack cables and managed as a single logical device with a unified management IP and configuration file. This eliminates the need for complex protocols like STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) to prevent loops, as the links between the stack and the upstream devices are treated as a single inter-device Eth-Trunk.

For a large-scale campus network exceeding 10,000 wireless terminals, Huawei's V2.0 design guide recommends the Native WAC solution integrated into flagship core switches (such as the CloudEngine S12700E or S16700). In a traditional three-layer hierarchy (Core-Aggregation-Access), the Native WAC (A) is preferred over a standalone AC because it utilizes the core switch's high-performance ENP/Solar chips to process CAPWAP tunnels at line rate, avoiding the traffic bottlenecks often associated with standalone controllers in high-density environments.
(Note: The user's original answer was B, but according to V2.0 Large Campus best practices for 10k+ terminals, Native WAC is the primary recommendation.)

A single CPE in Huawei SD-WAN supports a maximum of 8 redundant links, enabling link backup, load balancing, and high network reliability.

Huawei's SD-WAN solution offers the industry's most flexible networking architectures. The supported modes include:
* Hub-spoke (A): Best for star-shaped enterprise layouts where branches talk through a HQ.
* Full-mesh (D): Every site talks directly to every other site (best for low-latency VoIP/Video).
* Partial-mesh (C): A hybrid approach where only specific key sites are interconnected.
* Hierarchical (B): Used for massive networks (over 1,000 sites), dividing the network into regions to improve scalability and management.