The initial value of the Sequence number in the ETH PWE3 encapsulation frame format is randomly generated, and the value decreases by one each time a data packet is sent.

Which of the following protocols does NCE use to automatically discover TE link resources, node resources, pipeline resources, and cross-link resources? (Multiple choice)

In MSP networking, when the optical fiber is connected between sites, the east light plate of the site is connected to the west light plate of the downstream site, and these stations are connected in turn to form a ring. In this case, the direction from the toko plate of the site to the wine light plate of the downstream station is the direction of the main ring, and the direction of forming the ring is the direction of service.

When the optical fiber is connected but the business is not available, E1 or E2 bytes can be used for official communication between the sites.

Optical fiber loss includes bending loss, absorption loss and scattering loss.