When Severely Errored Seconds (SES) occur in the PM portion of the ODUk layer, which of the following alarms will the NMS report?

Multicast forwarding can be understood as selective broadcasting. The host listens to a specific multicast address, receives and processes frames whose destination MAC address is the multicast MAC address.

The frame period of OTN signal is fixed and the same as the frame period of SDH signal.

If you group SNCP services with the same source, sink, or route, you can increase the SNCP switching speed

The encapsulation formats of TMD E1 service PWE3 mainly include SAToP mode and CESoPSN mode. The main difference lies in whether the structure and processing overhead of TDM signal are perceived.