Spine devices will have no VXLAN gateways: In a typical VXLAN-based architecture with EVPN, spine devices do not function as VXLAN gateways. Their role is to provide connectivity and forwarding for VXLAN traffic, but they do not act as gateways for Layer 2 or Layer 3.
Only the border and leaf devices will have L3 VXLAN gateways: In an EVPN-VXLAN setup, L3 VXLAN gateways are typically placed on the border and leaf devices. These devices are responsible for bridging between Layer 2 and Layer 3 domains, handling routing for traffic that needs to go between different VXLAN segments or between VXLAN and external networks.
All leaf devices will have L2 VXLAN gateways: Leaf devices often function as L2 VXLAN gateways. They handle the bridging between VXLAN segments and provide Layer 2 connectivity for hosts within the same VXLAN.

When each device in the IP fabric has a different AS number, the BGP "multipath multiple-as" statement must be enabled to allow ECMP (Equal-Cost Multi-Path) across EBGP peers with different ASNs.
EBGP sessions in an IP fabric are established as single point-to-point sessions between directly connected devices, typically leaf-to-spine, allowing for scalable and straightforward peering.

In an edge-routed bridging architecture, Layer 3 gateway functions are implemented on the leaf devices, so inter-VLAN routing occurs at the edge. The VXLAN tunnel endpoints are also located on the leaf devices, which encapsulate and decapsulate traffic as it enters and exits the overlay.

https://www.juniper.net/documentation/us/en/software/nce/nce-225-bgp-unnumbered/index.html

* Understanding Lossless Ethernet and Congestion Management:
* Lossless Ethernet is crucial for AI and ML workloads, where packet loss can significantly degrade performance. To implement lossless Ethernet, congestion management protocols like ECN (Explicit Congestion Notification) are used.
* Role of ECN in Congestion Management:
* Option A:In an IP fabric that supports lossless Ethernet, when a switch experiences congestion, it can mark packets using ECN. This marking notifies the source device of the congestion, allowing the source to reduce its transmission rate, thereby preventing packet loss.
Conclusion:
* Option A:Correct-The switch experiencing congestion notifies the source device via ECN marking.