Auscultation is the Latin term for listening. Many health professionals use a stethoscope to apply the highly developed skill of auscultation to assess the heart, lungs and digestive system of their patients.

Pulmonary circulation transfers blood from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart for systemic circulation which distributes blood, nutrients and gases throughout the body.

A range of motion assessment is achieved by testing the joints capsular pattern, which will indicate any limitations by structure or function..

Before starting treatment with a client, a massage therapist must first understand what the nature of the client's complaint is, whether the condition is indicated or contraindicated or if a referral is necessary. Once the therapy session is complete, an assessment is necessary to determine the benefit of the treatment to the client.

All the muscles listed in the question are examples of postural muscles. Postural muscles are slow twitch and highly susceptible to hypertonicity in over-use and under-use scenarios.