Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
(A) The state nursing practice act determines the standard of care for the professional nurse. (B) AWHONN Standards are published as recommendations and guidelines for maternal-newborn nursing. (C) American Nurses' Association Standards are published as recommendations and guidelines for maternalchild health nursing. (D) The International Council of Nurses' Code emphasizes the nurse's obligations to the client rather than to the physician. It is published as recommendations and guidelines by the international organization for professional nursing.

(A) It will be difficult to comfort a 2 year old with a headache without his mother. (B) This baby probably will cry, which should be prevented because it will increase his intracranial pressure (ICP). Asking the mother to wait until the baby is asleep may help. (C) An awake 2 year old will notice when his mother leaves. (D) An older child may withdraw when feeling afraid, but a 2 year old will probably show more aggressive behavior.

Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
(A) 1 mg = 0.1 mL, then 0.5 mL X= 55 mg. (B) Thisanswer is a miscalculation. (C) This answer is a miscalculation. (D) This answer is a miscalculation.

Explanation
(A) Repression is blocking a desire from conscious expression. The client is conscious of his desires. (B) Regression is returning to an earlier form of expression, which is not demonstrated here. (C) Reaction formation is acting out the opposite of true feelings. The client felt anger concerning his wife's cooking and acted out his feelings. (D) Rationalization is unconsciously falsifying an experience by giving a "rational" explanation. The client is attempting to justify his behavior by giving an explanation.

(A) Pericarditis can cause dyspnea but primarily causes chest pain. (B) Anxiety can cause dyspnea resulting in SOB, yet it is not typically influenced by degree of head elevation. (C) The inability to oxygenate well without being upright is most indicative of congestive heart failure, due to alveolar drowning. (D) Angina causes primarily chest pain; any SOB associated with angina is not influenced by body position.