(A) Constipation is a result of decreased peristalsis due to smooth muscle relaxation related to changing progesterone levels that occur during pregnancy. (B) Urinary frequency is a common result of the increasing size of the uterus and the resulting pressure it places on the bladder. (C) With the increased vascularity and hypertrophy of the mammary alveoli due to estrogen and progesterone level changes, the breasts will increase in size and may become tender. (D) Abdominal pain may be an indication of early spontaneous abortion, preterm delivery, or a placental abruption.

(A) This measure is inappropriate. The knee-chest position is employed to take pressure off the cord. (B) Effleurage is a comfort measure but not the one that will contribute most to the relief of backache caused by a posterior position. (C) Sacral pressure will counteract the pressure created by the position of the fetal head. (D) The client is not completely dilated. Pushing is contraindicated until the second stage of labor.

Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
(A) These activities are suited for the preschool-age child (3-5 years old). The activities are not safe for a toddler. (B) Infants (0-1 year) like these toys. (C) These activities provide the toddler (1-3 years old) with a variety of physical activities for play. (D) The toddler lacks the physical and cognitive abilities for these activities. The tasks are far better suited for the school-age child.

Explanation
(A, B, C) The individual's systolic and diastolic changes are more significant than the relatively high initial blood pressure readings. (D) The systolic pressure went up 12 mm Hg and the diastolic pressure 18 mm Hg.
This is a more significant rise than the increases in A-C choices, and client should receive more frequent evaluations and care.

Explanation
(A) Skeletal traction is the application of traction directly to bone with the use of pins and wires or tongs for the purpose of providing a strong, steady, continuous longitudinal pull on the bone. It is indicated for preoperative immobilization and positioning of hip and femur fractures. (B) A type of skeletal traction (balanced suspension with a Thomas splint and Pearson attachment) uses a sling to support the extremity, but it also uses weights to provide a strong, steady continuouspull on the extremity. A sling is used instead of pins.
(C) Pelvic traction provides an intermittent pull over the pelvis and bone, whereas skeletal traction is continuous. Pelvic traction does not use pins. (D) Skeletal traction uses weights at the end of the bed to provide a continuous pull on long bones. Weights are not applied to both ends of the bed.