Explanation
(A) Appropriate endotracheal tube sizes for adults range from 7.0-8.5 mm. (B) Pneumothorax could be indicated by an absence of breath sounds on the affected side. However, in a recently intubated client, the first priority would be to consider tube malposition. (C) During intubation, the right mainstem bronchus can be inadvertently entered if the endotracheal tube is inserted too far. Left mainstem bronchus intubation almost never occurs because of the angle of the left mainstem bronchus. (D) Breath sounds for someone with pneumonia may be decreased over the areas of consolidation. However, in a recently intubated client, the first priority would be to consider tube malposition.

(A) Diaphanography, also known as transillumination, is a painless, noninvasive imaging technique that involves shining a light source through the breast tissue to visualize the interior. It must be used in conjunction with a mammogram and physical examination. (B) Mammography is a useful tool for screening but is not considered a means of diagnosing breast cancers. (C) Thermography is a pictorial representation of heat patterns on the surface of the breast. Breast cancers appear as a "hot spot" owing to their higher metabolic rate. (D) Biopsy either by needle aspiration or by surgical incision is the primary diagnostic technique for confirming the presence of cancer cells.

(A) Diluted fruit juices are not recommended for rehydration because they tend to aggravate the diarrhea. (B) Diluted soft drinks have a high-carbohydrate content, which aggravates the diarrhea. (C) Soy-based, lactose-free formula reduces stool output and duration of diarrhea in most infants. (D) Regular formulas contain lactose, which can increase diarrhea.

Section: Questions Set E
Explanation:
(A) The client may be more tearful than normal due to the stress of the surgery and its implications for her future life. She would be expected to have pain following surgery. (B) A temperature of 102°F indicates an infectious process. This is not a normal sequence to surgery and indicates a need for further assessment. (C) The client is expected to have no bowel sounds for 24-48 hours after surgery because of the trauma to the bowel. (D) Normal urine output is 30 mL/hr. This represents an output of 50 mL/hr, which is greater than normal.

Section: Questions Set G
Explanation:
(A) When dealing with grief, siblings are usually most comfortable initially with open discussion. (B) Assuming different roles allows children to act out their feelings without fear of reprisals and to gain insight and control.
(C) This method may be helpful, but having the child take an active part through role playing is more effective.
(D) This technique may be helpful, but being an active participant through role playing is more effective.