Section: Questions Set A
Explanation:
(A) Phentolamine is given to counteract the-adrenergic effects that cause ischemia and necrosis of local tissue.
(B) Epinephrine is an endogenous catecholamine that produces vasoconstriction and increases heart rate and contractility. (C) Phenylephrine causes constriction of arterioles of skin, mucous membranes, and viscera, which in turn can cause ischemia and necrosis. (D) Sodium bicarbonate is an alkalinizing agent that is incompatible with dopamine.

Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
(A) 0.5 ng/mL of digoxin is a subtherapeutic level, not a toxic one. (B) 1.0 ng/mL is a therapeutic level. (C)
2.0 ng/mL is a therapeutic level. (D) Digoxin's therapeutic level is 0.8-2.0 ng/mL. Digoxin's toxic level is
>2.0 ng/mL.

Explanation
The length of labor has little bearing on the fourth stage of labor. The type of labor and delivery is significant.
(B) The type of episiotomy will affect the client's comfort level. However, the nurse's assessment and implementations center on prevention of hemorrhage during the fourthstage of labor. The amount of bleeding from the episiotomy or hematoma formation is of higher priority than the type of episiotomy. (C) The amount of IV fluid to be infused is a nursing function to be attended to; however, it is lower in priority than determining if hemorrhaging is occurring. (D) Character of the fundus would be the priority nursing assessment because changes in uterine tone may identify possible postpartum hemorrhage.

Section: Questions Set A
Explanation:
(A) Hypovolemia could be a result of fluid loss from thermal injury, but not as a result of the circumferential injury. (B) Renal damage is typically seen because of prolonged hypovolemia or myoglobinuria. (C) Electrical injuries and electrolyte changes typically cause arrhythmias in the burn client. (D) Full-thickness circumferential burns are nonelastic and result in an internal tourniquet effect that compromises distal blood flow when the area involved is an extremity. Circumferential full-thickness torso burns compromise respiratory motion and, when extreme, cardiac return.

(A) Iodine is not used as a contrast medium for MRI. It is important to inquire about allergy to seafood if the client is to have an arteriogram or enhanced computer tomography. (B) MRI is safe if seizures are under control. It is more important to inquire about movable metal implants. (C) Clients with movable metal implants such as shrapnel or aneurysm clips or clients with permanent pacemakers or implanted pumps can be traumatized during an MRI. (D) Nonmovable metal prostheses or hardware will not cause trauma during an MRI.