In most professional Businesses, using email to conduct business includes all of the following risks except that the email
Correct Answer: B
The incorrect statement about risks of using email in professional businesses is that email will be considered an unofficial means of communication. In many professional contexts, email is a standard and accepted form of official communication, often used for decision-making, agreement, and other significant business processes .
Question 57
Directors and officers of a corporation cannot be held personally liable for
Correct Answer: A
A foundational principle of incorporation is limited liability: the corporation is a separate legal entity, and shareholders, directors, and officers are generally not personally responsible for ordinary corporate debts and obligations solely by virtue of their corporate roles. Therefore, directors/officers are typically not personally liable for an unsecured corporate debt (A), unless they personally guaranteed it or specific statutory provisions apply. By contrast, personal liability can arise for misconduct or for obligations imposed by statute. Fraudulent misrepresentation (B) can create direct personal liability because it is intentional wrongdoing. Unpaid employee wages (C) may attract personal liability under various employment standards/corporate statutes that can make directors responsible in defined circumstances (often subject to limits and conditions). Tax evasion (D) is a criminal matter; individuals involved can be personally liable, including directors /officers who direct, participate in, or acquiesce in the offence. Thus, A is the best answer: it is the category directors and officers generally cannot be held personally liable for, absent a personal guarantee or special statutory exception.
Question 58
A licensed professional mechanical engineer runs a consulting company based in Alberta. The professional is currently designing a project located in Manitoba. The principal modular components of the project are being constructed in Saskatchewan and will be moved and assembled in Manitoba once complete. In order to oversee the construction of the modules, the professional spends a significant amount of their time on-site in Saskatchewan. Where does the professional need to be registered and why?
Correct Answer: C
Question 59
A licensed professional has a duty to act responsibly and to show loyalty toward their current and past employers. Which of the following behaviours conflicts with a professional's duties to their employer?
Correct Answer: C
Professional duties to an employer include acting as a faithful agent, avoiding conflicts of interest, protecting confidential information, and performing work diligently and honestly. Generally, professionals should not advance personal interests at the expense of the employer's legitimate interests. Option C directly conflicts with these duties: prioritizing personal goals above the employer's can lead to self-dealing, misuse of resources, compromised judgment, or divided loyalty. Options A and D align with common expectations- professionals should avoid unnecessary reputational harm and must maintain confidentiality even after employment ends (subject to lawful reporting duties). Option B is broadly consistent with faithful service (while still limited by the paramount duty to the public; an employer's interest cannot override safety, legality, or ethics). Therefore, C is the behaviour that conflicts with duties to the employer.
Question 60
Which of the following statements regarding expert witnesses is incorrect?
Correct Answer: D
The statement that expert witnesses cannot be hired by a defendant or plaintiff and must be appointed by the court is incorrect (Option D). Expert witnesses can indeed be hired by either party in a legal case to provide specialized knowledge that aids the court in understanding the facts at issue. They are not exclusively appointed by the court; parties involved in litigation often hire their own expert witnesses to support their cases.