What is the model of a current business process often called?

An airline wishes to assess the punctuality of its flights.
What type of business activity would do this?

In a particular organisation it is common practice to call all managers by their first name. It is part of the culture of the organisation. Newcomers are quickly corrected if they do not follow this informal approach.
What would knowing about this convention be classified as in Requirements Engineering?

A business analyst wishes to show that a company wants to store information about different types of product. Some attributes are common to every product (for example; product name) but other attributes only apply to certain product types. For example, product material only applies to accessory products.
Which of the following constructs could the business analyst use to represent this on a class model?

The term CATWOE provides a framework for defining and analysing business perspectives. In a project, which letter of CATWOE should be first understood by the business analyst?