Explanation: An executive order must be published in the Federal Register for 30 days before it becomes law. Executive orders are proclamations by the President of the United States. They may be challenged in the judicial system.

Explanation: Caspar's interview bias is one of contrast; he finds himself, however unconsciously, contrasting the other candidates with the first candidate that he interviews. A cultural noise bias (answer choice A) occurs when the candidate responds with pointed answers that are aimed at making the interviewer happy rather than responding in a more natural or general way. A halo bias (answer choice B) occurs when the interviewer considers only one quality of the candidate over his other qualities, such as shyness that might detract from the candidate's true record of achievement. A leniency bias (answer choice D) means the interviewer is lenient in regard to a candidate's potential weaknesses. A negative emphasis bias (answer choice E) means the interviewer places too much weight on the candidate's weaknesses.

Explanation: One of the primary changes that occurred in the 2006 Pension Protection Act (PPA) is that employers may automatically enroll employees in a 401(k) plan and employees have to choose to opt out. The lowered age limit for vesting was reflected in the Retirement Equity Act (REA) of 1984. The higher income tax applied to part of the pension plan was reflected in the Unemployment Compensation Amendments of 1992. The Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act (EGTERRA) of 2001 enabled employees over the age of 50 to increase their catchup contributions.

Explanation: A 401(k) contribution is a voluntary deduction from gross earnings. That is, employees are not required to have this money taken out of their paycheck. The other answer choices are statutory deductions, meaning they are required by law.

Explanation: The purpose of a total rewards strategy is one of reviewing the budget and finding out how much of the budget is available for establishing rewards that will retain employees. (Additionally, the total rewards strategy contributes to drawing potential employees and motivating them in their employment activities.) Answer choice A is incorrect. While a total rewards program might cover salaries, the total rewards strategy is larger than basic salary. Answer choice B is incorrect because the total rewards strategy is unrelated to employer brand. Answer choice C is incorrect because the total rewards strategy is unconnected to creating teamwork among employees. And answer choice E is incorrect because the total rewards strategy is unrelated to the recognition of organizational changes.