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Question 951
What does the Clark-Wilson security model focus on?
Correct Answer: B
Section: Access Control
Explanation/Reference:
The Clark-Wilson model addresses integrity. It incorporates mechanisms to enforce internal and external consistency, a separation of duty, and a mandatory integrity policy.
Source: KRUTZ, Ronald L. & VINES, Russel D., The CISSP Prep Guide: Mastering the Ten Domains of Computer Security, John Wiley & Sons, 2001, Chapter 5: Security Architectures and Models (page 205).
Explanation/Reference:
The Clark-Wilson model addresses integrity. It incorporates mechanisms to enforce internal and external consistency, a separation of duty, and a mandatory integrity policy.
Source: KRUTZ, Ronald L. & VINES, Russel D., The CISSP Prep Guide: Mastering the Ten Domains of Computer Security, John Wiley & Sons, 2001, Chapter 5: Security Architectures and Models (page 205).
Question 952
The following is NOT a security characteristic we need to consider while choosing a biometric identification systems:
Correct Answer: B
Cost is a factor when considering Biometrics but it is not a security
characteristic.
All the other answers are incorrect because they are security characteristics related to
Biometrics.
data acquisition process can cause a security concern because if the process is not fast
and efficient it can discourage individuals from using the process.
enrollment process can cause a security concern because the enrollment process has to
be quick and efficient. This process captures data for authentication.
speed and user interface can cause a security concern because this also impacts the users
acceptance rate of biometrics. If they are not comfortable with the interface and speed they
might sabotage the devices or otherwise attempt to circumvent them.
References:
OIG Access Control (Biometrics) (pgs 165-167)
From: TIPTON, Harold F. & KRAUSE, MICKI, Information Security Management
Handbook, 4th Edition, Volume 1, Pages 5-6.
in process of correction
characteristic.
All the other answers are incorrect because they are security characteristics related to
Biometrics.
data acquisition process can cause a security concern because if the process is not fast
and efficient it can discourage individuals from using the process.
enrollment process can cause a security concern because the enrollment process has to
be quick and efficient. This process captures data for authentication.
speed and user interface can cause a security concern because this also impacts the users
acceptance rate of biometrics. If they are not comfortable with the interface and speed they
might sabotage the devices or otherwise attempt to circumvent them.
References:
OIG Access Control (Biometrics) (pgs 165-167)
From: TIPTON, Harold F. & KRAUSE, MICKI, Information Security Management
Handbook, 4th Edition, Volume 1, Pages 5-6.
in process of correction
Question 953
Cryptography does not concern itself with which of the following choices?
Correct Answer: D
Section: Cryptography
Explanation/Reference:
The cryptography domain addresses the principles, means, and methods of disguising information to ensure its integrity, confidentiality, and authenticity. Unlike the other domains, cryptography does not completely support the standard of availability.
Availability
Cryptography supports all three of the core principles of information security. Many access control systems use cryptography to limit access to systems through the use of passwords. Many token-based authentication systems use cryptographic-based hash algorithms to compute one-time passwords. Denying unauthorized access prevents an attacker from entering and damaging the system or network, thereby denying access to authorized users if they damage or currupt the data.
Confidentiality
Cryptography provides confidentiality through altering or hiding a message so that ideally it cannot be understood by anyone except the intended recipient.
Integrity
Cryptographic tools provide integrity checks that allow a recipient to verify that a message has not been altered. Cryptographic tools cannot prevent a message from being altered, but they are effective to detect either intentional or accidental modification of the message.
Additional Features of Cryptographic Systems In addition to the three core principles of information security listed above, cryptographic tools provide several more benefits.
Nonrepudiation
In a trusted environment, the authentication of the origin can be provided through the simple control of the keys. The receiver has a level of assurance that the message was encrypted by the sender, and the sender has trust that the message was not altered once it was received. However, in a more stringent, less trustworthy environment, it may be necessary to provide assurance via a third party of who sent a message and that the message was indeed delivered to the right recipient. This is accomplished through the use of digital signatures and public key encryption. The use of these tools provides a level of nonrepudiation of origin that can be verified by a third party.
Once a message has been received, what is to prevent the recipient from changing the message and contesting that the altered message was the one sent by the sender? The nonrepudiation of delivery prevents a recipient from changing the message and falsely claiming that the message is in its original state. This is also accomplished through the use of public key cryptography and digital signatures and is verifiable by a trusted third party.
Authentication
Authentication is the ability to determine if someone or something is what it declares to be. This is primarily done through the control of the keys, because only those with access to the key are able to encrypt a message.
This is not as strong as the nonrepudiation of origin, which will be reviewed shortly Cryptographic functions use several methods to ensure that a message has not been changed or altered. These include hash functions, digital signatures, and message authentication codes (MACs). The main concept is that the recipient is able to detect any change that has been made to a message, whether accidentally or intentionally.
Access Control
Through the use of cryptographic tools, many forms of access control are supported-from log-ins via passwords and passphrases to the prevention of access to confidential files or messages. In all cases, access would only be possible for those individuals that had access to the correct cryptographic keys.
NOTE FROM CLEMENT:
As you have seen this question was very recently updated with the latest content of the Official ISC2 Guide (OIG) to the CISSP CBK, Version 3.
Myself, I agree with most of you that cryptography does not help on the availability side and it is even the contrary sometimes if you loose the key for example. In such case you would loose access to the data and negatively impact availability. But the ISC2 is not about what I think or what you think, they have their own view of the world where they claim and state clearly that cryptography does address availability even thou it does not fully address it.
They look at crypto as the ever emcompassing tool it has become today. Where it can be use for authentication purpose for example where it would help to avoid corruption of the data through illegal access by an unauthorized user.
The question is worded this way in purpose, it is VERY specific to the CISSP exam context where ISC2 preaches that cryptography address availability even thou they state it does not fully address it. This is something new in the last edition of their book and something you must be aware of.
Best regards
Clement
The following terms are from the Software Development Security domain:
Validation: The assurance that a product, service, or system meets the needs of the customer and other identified stakeholders. It often involves acceptance and suitability with external customers. Contrast with verification below." Verification: The evaluation of whether or not a product, service, or system complies with a regulation, requirement, specification, or imposed condition. It is often an internal process. Contrast with validation." The terms above are from the Software Development Security Domain.
Reference(s) used for this question:
Schneiter, Andrew (2013-04-15). Official (ISC)2 Guide to the CISSP CBK, Third Edition : Cryptography (Kindle Locations 227-244). . Kindle Edition.
and
Schneiter, Andrew (2013-04-15). Official (ISC)2 Guide to the CISSP CBK, Third Edition : Cryptography (Kindle Locations 206-227). . Kindle Edition.
and
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verification_and_validation
Explanation/Reference:
The cryptography domain addresses the principles, means, and methods of disguising information to ensure its integrity, confidentiality, and authenticity. Unlike the other domains, cryptography does not completely support the standard of availability.
Availability
Cryptography supports all three of the core principles of information security. Many access control systems use cryptography to limit access to systems through the use of passwords. Many token-based authentication systems use cryptographic-based hash algorithms to compute one-time passwords. Denying unauthorized access prevents an attacker from entering and damaging the system or network, thereby denying access to authorized users if they damage or currupt the data.
Confidentiality
Cryptography provides confidentiality through altering or hiding a message so that ideally it cannot be understood by anyone except the intended recipient.
Integrity
Cryptographic tools provide integrity checks that allow a recipient to verify that a message has not been altered. Cryptographic tools cannot prevent a message from being altered, but they are effective to detect either intentional or accidental modification of the message.
Additional Features of Cryptographic Systems In addition to the three core principles of information security listed above, cryptographic tools provide several more benefits.
Nonrepudiation
In a trusted environment, the authentication of the origin can be provided through the simple control of the keys. The receiver has a level of assurance that the message was encrypted by the sender, and the sender has trust that the message was not altered once it was received. However, in a more stringent, less trustworthy environment, it may be necessary to provide assurance via a third party of who sent a message and that the message was indeed delivered to the right recipient. This is accomplished through the use of digital signatures and public key encryption. The use of these tools provides a level of nonrepudiation of origin that can be verified by a third party.
Once a message has been received, what is to prevent the recipient from changing the message and contesting that the altered message was the one sent by the sender? The nonrepudiation of delivery prevents a recipient from changing the message and falsely claiming that the message is in its original state. This is also accomplished through the use of public key cryptography and digital signatures and is verifiable by a trusted third party.
Authentication
Authentication is the ability to determine if someone or something is what it declares to be. This is primarily done through the control of the keys, because only those with access to the key are able to encrypt a message.
This is not as strong as the nonrepudiation of origin, which will be reviewed shortly Cryptographic functions use several methods to ensure that a message has not been changed or altered. These include hash functions, digital signatures, and message authentication codes (MACs). The main concept is that the recipient is able to detect any change that has been made to a message, whether accidentally or intentionally.
Access Control
Through the use of cryptographic tools, many forms of access control are supported-from log-ins via passwords and passphrases to the prevention of access to confidential files or messages. In all cases, access would only be possible for those individuals that had access to the correct cryptographic keys.
NOTE FROM CLEMENT:
As you have seen this question was very recently updated with the latest content of the Official ISC2 Guide (OIG) to the CISSP CBK, Version 3.
Myself, I agree with most of you that cryptography does not help on the availability side and it is even the contrary sometimes if you loose the key for example. In such case you would loose access to the data and negatively impact availability. But the ISC2 is not about what I think or what you think, they have their own view of the world where they claim and state clearly that cryptography does address availability even thou it does not fully address it.
They look at crypto as the ever emcompassing tool it has become today. Where it can be use for authentication purpose for example where it would help to avoid corruption of the data through illegal access by an unauthorized user.
The question is worded this way in purpose, it is VERY specific to the CISSP exam context where ISC2 preaches that cryptography address availability even thou they state it does not fully address it. This is something new in the last edition of their book and something you must be aware of.
Best regards
Clement
The following terms are from the Software Development Security domain:
Validation: The assurance that a product, service, or system meets the needs of the customer and other identified stakeholders. It often involves acceptance and suitability with external customers. Contrast with verification below." Verification: The evaluation of whether or not a product, service, or system complies with a regulation, requirement, specification, or imposed condition. It is often an internal process. Contrast with validation." The terms above are from the Software Development Security Domain.
Reference(s) used for this question:
Schneiter, Andrew (2013-04-15). Official (ISC)2 Guide to the CISSP CBK, Third Edition : Cryptography (Kindle Locations 227-244). . Kindle Edition.
and
Schneiter, Andrew (2013-04-15). Official (ISC)2 Guide to the CISSP CBK, Third Edition : Cryptography (Kindle Locations 206-227). . Kindle Edition.
and
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verification_and_validation
Question 954
Once evidence is seized, a law enforcement officer should emphasize which of the following?
Correct Answer: B
All people that handle the evidence from the time the crime was committed through the final disposition must be identified. This is to ensure that the evidence can be used and has not been tampered with.
The following answers are incorrect:
chain of command. Is incorrect because chain of command is the order of authority and
does not apply to evidence.
chain of control. Is incorrect because it is a distractor.
chain of communications. Is incorrect because it is a distractor.
The following answers are incorrect:
chain of command. Is incorrect because chain of command is the order of authority and
does not apply to evidence.
chain of control. Is incorrect because it is a distractor.
chain of communications. Is incorrect because it is a distractor.
Question 955
Business Continuity Planning (BCP) is not defined as a preparation that facilitates:
Correct Answer: C
Although important, The monitoring of threat activity for adjustment of technical controls is not facilitated by a Business Continuity Planning
The following answers are incorrect:
All of the other choices are facilitated by a BCP:
the continuation of critical business functions the rapid recovery of mission-critical business operations the reduction of the impact of a disaster
Topic 5, Cryptography
The following answers are incorrect:
All of the other choices are facilitated by a BCP:
the continuation of critical business functions the rapid recovery of mission-critical business operations the reduction of the impact of a disaster
Topic 5, Cryptography
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