Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
A redundancy check can help detect transmission errors by appending especially calculated bits onto the end of each segment of data.

Local DoS attacks can be a program that creates an infinite loop, makes lots of copies of itself, and continues to open lots of files. The best defense is to find this program and kill it.

Section: Governance and Management of IT
Explanation/Reference:
In Community cloud, the cloud infrastructure is provisioned for exclusive use by a specific community of
consumers from organizations that have shared concerns (e.g., mission, security requirements, policy, and
compliance considerations). It may be owned, managed, and operated by one or more of the organizations
in the community, a third party, or some combination of them, and it may exist on or off premises.
For your exam you should know below information about Cloud Computing deployment models:
Private cloud
The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for exclusive use by a single organization comprising multiple
consumers (e.g., business units). It may be owned, managed, and operated by the organization, a third
party, or some combination of them, and it may exist on or off premises.
Private Cloud

Community Cloud
The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for exclusive use by a specific community of consumers from
organizations that have shared concerns (e.g., mission, security requirements, policy, and compliance
considerations). It may be owned, managed, and operated by one or more of the organizations in the
community, a third party, or some combination of them, and it may exist on or off premises.
Community Cloud

Public Cloud
The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for open use by the general public. It may be owned, managed, and
operated by a business, academic, or government organization, or some combination of them. It exists on
the premises of the cloud provider.
Public Cloud

Hybrid cloud
The cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more distinct cloud infrastructures (private, community,
or public) that remain unique entities, but are bound together by standardized or proprietary technology that
enables data and application portability (e.g., cloud bursting for load balancing between clouds)
hybrid cloud

The following answers are incorrect:
Private cloud - The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for exclusive use by a single organization comprising
multiple consumers (e.g., business units). It may be owned, managed, and operated by the organization, a
third party, or some combination of them, and it may exist on or off premises.
Public cloud - The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for open use by the general public. It may be owned,
managed, and operated by a business, academic, or government organization, or some combination of
them. It exists on the premises of the cloud provider.
Hybrid cloud - The cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more distinct cloud infrastructures
(private, community, or public) that remain unique entities, but are bound together by standardized or
proprietary technology that enables data and application portability (e.g., cloud bursting for load balancing
between clouds)
The following reference(s) were/was used to create this question:
CISA review manual 2014 page number 102
Official ISC2 guide to CISSP 3rd edition Page number 689 and 690

An IS auditor should first determine if the modifications were properly approved. Choices A, B and C are possible subsequent actions, should the IS auditor find that the structural modification had not been approved.

The audit charter is the document that defines the purpose, authority and responsibility of the IS audit function. It provides IS audit professionals with the best source of direction for performing audit functions, as it establishes the scope, objectives, reporting lines, independence, accountability and resources of the IS audit function. The IT steering committee is a governance body that oversees the strategic alignment, prioritization and direction of IT initiatives, but it does not provide specific guidance for IS audit functions. The information security policy is a document that defines the rules and principles for protecting information assets in the organization, but it does not cover all aspects of IS audit functions. Audit best practices are general guidelines and recommendations for conducting effective and efficient audits, but they are not binding or authoritative sources of direction for IS audit functions. References: CISA Review Manual (Digital Version) 1, Chapter 1:
Information Systems Auditing Process, Section 1.1: Audit Charter.