Explanation
The primary purpose for the long-term plan for the information security program is to ensure controls align with security needs. This is because the long-term plan provides a strategic vision and direction for the information security program, and defines the goals, objectives, and initiatives that support the organization's mission, vision, and values. The long-term plan also helps to identify and prioritize the security risks and opportunities that may arise in the future, and to align the information security controls with the changing business and technology environment. The long-term plan also facilitates the allocation and optimization of the resources and budget for the information security program, and enables the measurement and evaluation of the program's performance and value.
The long-term plan provides a strategic vision and direction for the information security program, and defines the goals, objectives, and initiatives that support the organization's mission, vision, and values. The long-term plan also helps to identify and prioritize the security risks and opportunities that may arise in the future, and to align the information security controls with the changing business and technology environment. (From CISM Manual or related resources) References = CISM Review Manual 15th Edition, Chapter 3, Section 3.1.1, page 1261; CISM domain 3:
Information security program development and management [2022 update] | Infosec2; CISM: Information Security Program Development and Management Part 1 Online, Self-Paced3

Section: INFORMATION SECURITY PROGRAM MANAGEMENT

A gap analysis is a tool that helps to identify the current state of compliance and the desired state of compliance, as well as the actions needed to achieve the desired state. A gap analysis should be done before implementing any specific controls or solutions, such as encryption, data minimization, or ROI analysis.
References = CISM Review Manual 15th Edition, page 65; Information Security Architecture: Gap Assessment and Prioritization, ISACA Journal, volume 2, 2018.